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+# Copyright Mateusz Kobos, (c) 2011
+# https://code.activestate.com/recipes/577803-reader-writer-lock-with-priority-for-writers/
+# released under the MIT licence
+
+import threading
+
+
+__author__ = "Mateusz Kobos"
+
+
+class RWLock:
+ """
+ Read-Write locking primitive
+
+ Synchronization object used in a solution of so-called second
+ readers-writers problem. In this problem, many readers can simultaneously
+ access a share, and a writer has an exclusive access to this share.
+ Additionally, the following constraints should be met:
+ 1) no reader should be kept waiting if the share is currently opened for
+ reading unless a writer is also waiting for the share,
+ 2) no writer should be kept waiting for the share longer than absolutely
+ necessary.
+
+ The implementation is based on [1, secs. 4.2.2, 4.2.6, 4.2.7]
+ with a modification -- adding an additional lock (C{self.__readers_queue})
+ -- in accordance with [2].
+
+ Sources:
+ [1] A.B. Downey: "The little book of semaphores", Version 2.1.5, 2008
+ [2] P.J. Courtois, F. Heymans, D.L. Parnas:
+ "Concurrent Control with 'Readers' and 'Writers'",
+ Communications of the ACM, 1971 (via [3])
+ [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readers-writers_problem
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self):
+ """
+ A lock giving an even higher priority to the writer in certain
+ cases (see [2] for a discussion).
+ """
+ self.__read_switch = _LightSwitch()
+ self.__write_switch = _LightSwitch()
+ self.__no_readers = threading.Lock()
+ self.__no_writers = threading.Lock()
+ self.__readers_queue = threading.Lock()
+
+ def reader_acquire(self):
+ self.__readers_queue.acquire()
+ self.__no_readers.acquire()
+ self.__read_switch.acquire(self.__no_writers)
+ self.__no_readers.release()
+ self.__readers_queue.release()
+
+ def reader_release(self):
+ self.__read_switch.release(self.__no_writers)
+
+ def writer_acquire(self):
+ self.__write_switch.acquire(self.__no_readers)
+ self.__no_writers.acquire()
+
+ def writer_release(self):
+ self.__no_writers.release()
+ self.__write_switch.release(self.__no_readers)
+
+
+class _LightSwitch:
+ """An auxiliary "light switch"-like object. The first thread turns on the
+ "switch", the last one turns it off (see [1, sec. 4.2.2] for details)."""
+
+ def __init__(self):
+ self.__counter = 0
+ self.__mutex = threading.Lock()
+
+ def acquire(self, lock):
+ self.__mutex.acquire()
+ self.__counter += 1
+ if self.__counter == 1:
+ lock.acquire()
+ self.__mutex.release()
+
+ def release(self, lock):
+ self.__mutex.acquire()
+ self.__counter -= 1
+ if self.__counter == 0:
+ lock.release()
+ self.__mutex.release()