19 files changed, 4416 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/accounts/abi/abi.go b/accounts/abi/abi.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7af6685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/abi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package abi
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+// The ABI holds information about a contract's context and available
+// invokable methods. It will allow you to type check function calls and
+// packs data accordingly.
+type ABI struct {
+	Constructor Method
+	Methods     map[string]Method
+	Events      map[string]Event
+}
+
+// JSON returns a parsed ABI interface and error if it failed.
+func JSON(reader io.Reader) (ABI, error) {
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(reader)
+
+	var abi ABI
+	if err := dec.Decode(&abi); err != nil {
+		return ABI{}, err
+	}
+
+	return abi, nil
+}
+
+// Pack the given method name to conform the ABI. Method call's data
+// will consist of method_id, args0, arg1, ... argN. Method id consists
+// of 4 bytes and arguments are all 32 bytes.
+// Method ids are created from the first 4 bytes of the hash of the
+// methods string signature. (signature = baz(uint32,string32))
+func (abi ABI) Pack(name string, args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Fetch the ABI of the requested method
+	if name == "" {
+		// constructor
+		arguments, err := abi.Constructor.Inputs.Pack(args...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return arguments, nil
+	}
+	method, exist := abi.Methods[name]
+	if !exist {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("method '%s' not found", name)
+	}
+	arguments, err := method.Inputs.Pack(args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Pack up the method ID too if not a constructor and return
+	return append(method.ID(), arguments...), nil
+}
+
+// Unpack output in v according to the abi specification
+func (abi ABI) Unpack(v interface{}, name string, data []byte) (err error) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: unmarshalling empty output")
+	}
+	// since there can't be naming collisions with contracts and events,
+	// we need to decide whether we're calling a method or an event
+	if method, ok := abi.Methods[name]; ok {
+		if len(data)%32 != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: improperly formatted output: %s - Bytes: [%+v]", string(data), data)
+		}
+		return method.Outputs.Unpack(v, data)
+	}
+	if event, ok := abi.Events[name]; ok {
+		return event.Inputs.Unpack(v, data)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("abi: could not locate named method or event")
+}
+
+// UnpackIntoMap unpacks a log into the provided map[string]interface{}
+func (abi ABI) UnpackIntoMap(v map[string]interface{}, name string, data []byte) (err error) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: unmarshalling empty output")
+	}
+	// since there can't be naming collisions with contracts and events,
+	// we need to decide whether we're calling a method or an event
+	if method, ok := abi.Methods[name]; ok {
+		if len(data)%32 != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: improperly formatted output")
+		}
+		return method.Outputs.UnpackIntoMap(v, data)
+	}
+	if event, ok := abi.Events[name]; ok {
+		return event.Inputs.UnpackIntoMap(v, data)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("abi: could not locate named method or event")
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler interface
+func (abi *ABI) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var fields []struct {
+		Type      string
+		Name      string
+		Constant  bool
+		Anonymous bool
+		Inputs    []Argument
+		Outputs   []Argument
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &fields); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	abi.Methods = make(map[string]Method)
+	abi.Events = make(map[string]Event)
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		switch field.Type {
+		case "constructor":
+			abi.Constructor = Method{
+				Inputs: field.Inputs,
+			}
+		// empty defaults to function according to the abi spec
+		case "function", "":
+			name := field.Name
+			_, ok := abi.Methods[name]
+			for idx := 0; ok; idx++ {
+				name = fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", field.Name, idx)
+				_, ok = abi.Methods[name]
+			}
+			abi.Methods[name] = Method{
+				Name:    name,
+				RawName: field.Name,
+				Const:   field.Constant,
+				Inputs:  field.Inputs,
+				Outputs: field.Outputs,
+			}
+		case "event":
+			name := field.Name
+			_, ok := abi.Events[name]
+			for idx := 0; ok; idx++ {
+				name = fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", field.Name, idx)
+				_, ok = abi.Events[name]
+			}
+			abi.Events[name] = Event{
+				Name:      name,
+				RawName:   field.Name,
+				Anonymous: field.Anonymous,
+				Inputs:    field.Inputs,
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// MethodById looks up a method by the 4-byte id
+// returns nil if none found
+func (abi *ABI) MethodById(sigdata []byte) (*Method, error) {
+	if len(sigdata) < 4 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("data too short (%d bytes) for abi method lookup", len(sigdata))
+	}
+	for _, method := range abi.Methods {
+		if bytes.Equal(method.ID(), sigdata[:4]) {
+			return &method, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no method with id: %#x", sigdata[:4])
+}
+
+// EventByID looks an event up by its topic hash in the
+// ABI and returns nil if none found.
+func (abi *ABI) EventByID(topic common.Hash) (*Event, error) {
+	for _, event := range abi.Events {
+		if bytes.Equal(event.ID().Bytes(), topic.Bytes()) {
+			return &event, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no event with id: %#x", topic.Hex())
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/argument.go b/accounts/abi/argument.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dae586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/argument.go
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package abi
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Argument holds the name of the argument and the corresponding type.
+// Types are used when packing and testing arguments.
+type Argument struct {
+	Name    string
+	Type    Type
+	Indexed bool // indexed is only used by events
+}
+
+type Arguments []Argument
+
+type ArgumentMarshaling struct {
+	Name       string
+	Type       string
+	Components []ArgumentMarshaling
+	Indexed    bool
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler interface
+func (argument *Argument) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var arg ArgumentMarshaling
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &arg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("argument json err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	argument.Type, err = NewType(arg.Type, arg.Components)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	argument.Name = arg.Name
+	argument.Indexed = arg.Indexed
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LengthNonIndexed returns the number of arguments when not counting 'indexed' ones. Only events
+// can ever have 'indexed' arguments, it should always be false on arguments for method input/output
+func (arguments Arguments) LengthNonIndexed() int {
+	out := 0
+	for _, arg := range arguments {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			out++
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// NonIndexed returns the arguments with indexed arguments filtered out
+func (arguments Arguments) NonIndexed() Arguments {
+	var ret []Argument
+	for _, arg := range arguments {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			ret = append(ret, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+// isTuple returns true for non-atomic constructs, like (uint,uint) or uint[]
+func (arguments Arguments) isTuple() bool {
+	return len(arguments) > 1
+}
+
+// Unpack performs the operation hexdata -> Go format
+func (arguments Arguments) Unpack(v interface{}, data []byte) error {
+	// make sure the passed value is arguments pointer
+	if reflect.Ptr != reflect.ValueOf(v).Kind() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: Unpack(non-pointer %T)", v)
+	}
+	marshalledValues, err := arguments.UnpackValues(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if arguments.isTuple() {
+		return arguments.unpackTuple(v, marshalledValues)
+	}
+	return arguments.unpackAtomic(v, marshalledValues[0])
+}
+
+// UnpackIntoMap performs the operation hexdata -> mapping of argument name to argument value
+func (arguments Arguments) UnpackIntoMap(v map[string]interface{}, data []byte) error {
+	marshalledValues, err := arguments.UnpackValues(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return arguments.unpackIntoMap(v, marshalledValues)
+}
+
+// unpack sets the unmarshalled value to go format.
+// Note the dst here must be settable.
+func unpack(t *Type, dst interface{}, src interface{}) error {
+	var (
+		dstVal = reflect.ValueOf(dst).Elem()
+		srcVal = reflect.ValueOf(src)
+	)
+	tuple, typ := false, t
+	for {
+		if typ.T == SliceTy || typ.T == ArrayTy {
+			typ = typ.Elem
+			continue
+		}
+		tuple = typ.T == TupleTy
+		break
+	}
+	if !tuple {
+		return set(dstVal, srcVal)
+	}
+
+	// Dereferences interface or pointer wrapper
+	dstVal = indirectInterfaceOrPtr(dstVal)
+
+	switch t.T {
+	case TupleTy:
+		if dstVal.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: invalid dst value for unpack, want struct, got %s", dstVal.Kind())
+		}
+		fieldmap, err := mapArgNamesToStructFields(t.TupleRawNames, dstVal)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for i, elem := range t.TupleElems {
+			fname := fieldmap[t.TupleRawNames[i]]
+			field := dstVal.FieldByName(fname)
+			if !field.IsValid() {
+				return fmt.Errorf("abi: field %s can't found in the given value", t.TupleRawNames[i])
+			}
+			if err := unpack(elem, field.Addr().Interface(), srcVal.Field(i).Interface()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case SliceTy:
+		if dstVal.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: invalid dst value for unpack, want slice, got %s", dstVal.Kind())
+		}
+		slice := reflect.MakeSlice(dstVal.Type(), srcVal.Len(), srcVal.Len())
+		for i := 0; i < slice.Len(); i++ {
+			if err := unpack(t.Elem, slice.Index(i).Addr().Interface(), srcVal.Index(i).Interface()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		dstVal.Set(slice)
+	case ArrayTy:
+		if dstVal.Kind() != reflect.Array {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: invalid dst value for unpack, want array, got %s", dstVal.Kind())
+		}
+		array := reflect.New(dstVal.Type()).Elem()
+		for i := 0; i < array.Len(); i++ {
+			if err := unpack(t.Elem, array.Index(i).Addr().Interface(), srcVal.Index(i).Interface()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		dstVal.Set(array)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// unpackIntoMap unpacks marshalledValues into the provided map[string]interface{}
+func (arguments Arguments) unpackIntoMap(v map[string]interface{}, marshalledValues []interface{}) error {
+	// Make sure map is not nil
+	if v == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot unpack into a nil map")
+	}
+
+	for i, arg := range arguments.NonIndexed() {
+		v[arg.Name] = marshalledValues[i]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// unpackAtomic unpacks ( hexdata -> go ) a single value
+func (arguments Arguments) unpackAtomic(v interface{}, marshalledValues interface{}) error {
+	if arguments.LengthNonIndexed() == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	argument := arguments.NonIndexed()[0]
+	elem := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
+
+	if elem.Kind() == reflect.Struct && argument.Type.T != TupleTy {
+		fieldmap, err := mapArgNamesToStructFields([]string{argument.Name}, elem)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		field := elem.FieldByName(fieldmap[argument.Name])
+		if !field.IsValid() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: field %s can't be found in the given value", argument.Name)
+		}
+		return unpack(&argument.Type, field.Addr().Interface(), marshalledValues)
+	}
+	return unpack(&argument.Type, elem.Addr().Interface(), marshalledValues)
+}
+
+// unpackTuple unpacks ( hexdata -> go ) a batch of values.
+func (arguments Arguments) unpackTuple(v interface{}, marshalledValues []interface{}) error {
+	var (
+		value = reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
+		typ   = value.Type()
+		kind  = value.Kind()
+	)
+	if err := requireUnpackKind(value, typ, kind, arguments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// If the interface is a struct, get of abi->struct_field mapping
+	var abi2struct map[string]string
+	if kind == reflect.Struct {
+		var (
+			argNames []string
+			err      error
+		)
+		for _, arg := range arguments.NonIndexed() {
+			argNames = append(argNames, arg.Name)
+		}
+		abi2struct, err = mapArgNamesToStructFields(argNames, value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	for i, arg := range arguments.NonIndexed() {
+		switch kind {
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			field := value.FieldByName(abi2struct[arg.Name])
+			if !field.IsValid() {
+				return fmt.Errorf("abi: field %s can't be found in the given value", arg.Name)
+			}
+			if err := unpack(&arg.Type, field.Addr().Interface(), marshalledValues[i]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+			if value.Len() < i {
+				return fmt.Errorf("abi: insufficient number of arguments for unpack, want %d, got %d", len(arguments), value.Len())
+			}
+			v := value.Index(i)
+			if err := requireAssignable(v, reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValues[i])); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := unpack(&arg.Type, v.Addr().Interface(), marshalledValues[i]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi:[2] cannot unmarshal tuple in to %v", typ)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+// UnpackValues can be used to unpack ABI-encoded hexdata according to the ABI-specification,
+// without supplying a struct to unpack into. Instead, this method returns a list containing the
+// values. An atomic argument will be a list with one element.
+func (arguments Arguments) UnpackValues(data []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
+	retval := make([]interface{}, 0, arguments.LengthNonIndexed())
+	virtualArgs := 0
+	for index, arg := range arguments.NonIndexed() {
+		marshalledValue, err := toGoType((index+virtualArgs)*32, arg.Type, data)
+		if arg.Type.T == ArrayTy && !isDynamicType(arg.Type) {
+			// If we have a static array, like [3]uint256, these are coded as
+			// just like uint256,uint256,uint256.
+			// This means that we need to add two 'virtual' arguments when
+			// we count the index from now on.
+			//
+			// Array values nested multiple levels deep are also encoded inline:
+			// [2][3]uint256: uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256
+			//
+			// Calculate the full array size to get the correct offset for the next argument.
+			// Decrement it by 1, as the normal index increment is still applied.
+			virtualArgs += getTypeSize(arg.Type)/32 - 1
+		} else if arg.Type.T == TupleTy && !isDynamicType(arg.Type) {
+			// If we have a static tuple, like (uint256, bool, uint256), these are
+			// coded as just like uint256,bool,uint256
+			virtualArgs += getTypeSize(arg.Type)/32 - 1
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		retval = append(retval, marshalledValue)
+	}
+	return retval, nil
+}
+
+// PackValues performs the operation Go format -> Hexdata
+// It is the semantic opposite of UnpackValues
+func (arguments Arguments) PackValues(args []interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	return arguments.Pack(args...)
+}
+
+// Pack performs the operation Go format -> Hexdata
+func (arguments Arguments) Pack(args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Make sure arguments match up and pack them
+	abiArgs := arguments
+	if len(args) != len(abiArgs) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("argument count mismatch: %d for %d", len(args), len(abiArgs))
+	}
+	// variable input is the output appended at the end of packed
+	// output. This is used for strings and bytes types input.
+	var variableInput []byte
+
+	// input offset is the bytes offset for packed output
+	inputOffset := 0
+	for _, abiArg := range abiArgs {
+		inputOffset += getTypeSize(abiArg.Type)
+	}
+	var ret []byte
+	for i, a := range args {
+		input := abiArgs[i]
+		// pack the input
+		packed, err := input.Type.pack(reflect.ValueOf(a))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// check for dynamic types
+		if isDynamicType(input.Type) {
+			// set the offset
+			ret = append(ret, packNum(reflect.ValueOf(inputOffset))...)
+			// calculate next offset
+			inputOffset += len(packed)
+			// append to variable input
+			variableInput = append(variableInput, packed...)
+		} else {
+			// append the packed value to the input
+			ret = append(ret, packed...)
+		}
+	}
+	// append the variable input at the end of the packed input
+	ret = append(ret, variableInput...)
+
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+// ToCamelCase converts an under-score string to a camel-case string
+func ToCamelCase(input string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(input, "_")
+	for i, s := range parts {
+		if len(s) > 0 {
+			parts[i] = strings.ToUpper(s[:1]) + s[1:]
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "")
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go b/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c916cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/external"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// NewTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// an encrypted json key stream and the associated passphrase.
+func NewTransactor(keyin io.Reader, passphrase string) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	json, err := ioutil.ReadAll(keyin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(json, passphrase)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return NewKeyedTransactor(key.PrivateKey), nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyStoreTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// an decrypted key from a keystore
+func NewKeyStoreTransactor(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(signer types.Signer, address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+			}
+			signature, err := keystore.SignHash(account, signer.Hash(tx).Bytes())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyedTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// from a single private key.
+func NewKeyedTransactor(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) *TransactOpts {
+	keyAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: keyAddr,
+		Signer: func(signer types.Signer, address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != keyAddr {
+				return nil, errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+			}
+			signature, err := crypto.Sign(signer.Hash(tx).Bytes(), key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// NewClefTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// with a clef backend.
+func NewClefTransactor(clef *external.ExternalSigner, account accounts.Account) *TransactOpts {
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(signer types.Signer, address common.Address, transaction *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+			}
+			return clef.SignTx(account, transaction, nil) // Clef enforces its own chain id
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backend.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backend.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..556394f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backend.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrNoCode is returned by call and transact operations for which the requested
+	// recipient contract to operate on does not exist in the state db or does not
+	// have any code associated with it (i.e. suicided).
+	ErrNoCode = errors.New("no contract code at given address")
+
+	// This error is raised when attempting to perform a pending state action
+	// on a backend that doesn't implement PendingContractCaller.
+	ErrNoPendingState = errors.New("backend does not support pending state")
+
+	// This error is returned by WaitDeployed if contract creation leaves an
+	// empty contract behind.
+	ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy = errors.New("no contract code after deployment")
+)
+
+// ContractCaller defines the methods needed to allow operating with contract on a read
+// only basis.
+type ContractCaller interface {
+	// CodeAt returns the code of the given account. This is needed to differentiate
+	// between contract internal errors and the local chain being out of sync.
+	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+	// ContractCall executes an Ethereum contract call with the specified data as the
+	// input.
+	CallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// PendingContractCaller defines methods to perform contract calls on the pending state.
+// Call will try to discover this interface when access to the pending state is requested.
+// If the backend does not support the pending state, Call returns ErrNoPendingState.
+type PendingContractCaller interface {
+	// PendingCodeAt returns the code of the given account in the pending state.
+	PendingCodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address) ([]byte, error)
+	// PendingCallContract executes an Ethereum contract call against the pending state.
+	PendingCallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// ContractTransactor defines the methods needed to allow operating with contract
+// on a write only basis. Beside the transacting method, the remainder are helpers
+// used when the user does not provide some needed values, but rather leaves it up
+// to the transactor to decide.
+type ContractTransactor interface {
+	// PendingCodeAt returns the code of the given account in the pending state.
+	PendingCodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address) ([]byte, error)
+	// PendingNonceAt retrieves the current pending nonce associated with an account.
+	PendingNonceAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address) (uint64, error)
+	// SuggestGasPrice retrieves the currently suggested gas price to allow a timely
+	// execution of a transaction.
+	SuggestGasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error)
+	// EstimateGas tries to estimate the gas needed to execute a specific
+	// transaction based on the current pending state of the backend blockchain.
+	// There is no guarantee that this is the true gas limit requirement as other
+	// transactions may be added or removed by miners, but it should provide a basis
+	// for setting a reasonable default.
+	EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (gas uint64, err error)
+	// SendTransaction injects the transaction into the pending pool for execution.
+	SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction) error
+}
+
+// ContractFilterer defines the methods needed to access log events using one-off
+// queries or continuous event subscriptions.
+type ContractFilterer interface {
+	// FilterLogs executes a log filter operation, blocking during execution and
+	// returning all the results in one batch.
+	//
+	// TODO(karalabe): Deprecate when the subscription one can return past data too.
+	FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error)
+
+	// SubscribeFilterLogs creates a background log filtering operation, returning
+	// a subscription immediately, which can be used to stream the found events.
+	SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error)
+}
+
+// DeployBackend wraps the operations needed by WaitMined and WaitDeployed.
+type DeployBackend interface {
+	TransactionReceipt(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error)
+	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// ContractBackend defines the methods needed to work with contracts on a read-write basis.
+type ContractBackend interface {
+	ContractCaller
+	ContractTransactor
+	ContractFilterer
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88610a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package backends
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/consensus/ethash"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/bloombits"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/state"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/params"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/rpc"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/eth/filters"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// This nil assignment ensures compile time that SimulatedBackend implements bind.ContractBackend.
+var _ bind.ContractBackend = (*SimulatedBackend)(nil)
+
+var (
+	errBlockNumberUnsupported = errors.New("simulatedBackend cannot access blocks other than the latest block")
+	errGasEstimationFailed    = errors.New("gas required exceeds allowance or always failing transaction")
+)
+
+// SimulatedBackend implements bind.ContractBackend, simulating a blockchain in
+// the background. Its main purpose is to allow easily testing contract bindings.
+type SimulatedBackend struct {
+	database   ethdb.Database   // In memory database to store our testing data
+	blockchain *core.BlockChain // Ethereum blockchain to handle the consensus
+
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	pendingBlock *types.Block   // Currently pending block that will be imported on request
+	pendingState *state.StateDB // Currently pending state that will be the active on on request
+
+	events *filters.EventSystem // Event system for filtering log events live
+
+	config *params.ChainConfig
+}
+
+// NewSimulatedBackendWithDatabase creates a new binding backend based on the given database
+// and uses a simulated blockchain for testing purposes.
+func NewSimulatedBackendWithDatabase(database ethdb.Database, alloc core.GenesisAlloc, gasLimit uint64) *SimulatedBackend {
+	genesis := core.Genesis{Config: params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, GasLimit: gasLimit, Alloc: alloc}
+	genesis.MustCommit(database)
+	blockchain, _ := core.NewBlockChain(database, nil, genesis.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
+
+	backend := &SimulatedBackend{
+		database:   database,
+		blockchain: blockchain,
+		config:     genesis.Config,
+		events:     filters.Ne