...

8 files changed, 2588 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go b/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c916cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/external"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// NewTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// an encrypted json key stream and the associated passphrase.
+func NewTransactor(keyin io.Reader, passphrase string) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	json, err := ioutil.ReadAll(keyin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(json, passphrase)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return NewKeyedTransactor(key.PrivateKey), nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyStoreTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer from
+// an decrypted key from a keystore
+func NewKeyStoreTransactor(keystore *keystore.KeyStore, account accounts.Account) (*TransactOpts, error) {
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(signer types.Signer, address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+			}
+			signature, err := keystore.SignHash(account, signer.Hash(tx).Bytes())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// NewKeyedTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// from a single private key.
+func NewKeyedTransactor(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) *TransactOpts {
+	keyAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: keyAddr,
+		Signer: func(signer types.Signer, address common.Address, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != keyAddr {
+				return nil, errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+			}
+			signature, err := crypto.Sign(signer.Hash(tx).Bytes(), key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return tx.WithSignature(signer, signature)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// NewClefTransactor is a utility method to easily create a transaction signer
+// with a clef backend.
+func NewClefTransactor(clef *external.ExternalSigner, account accounts.Account) *TransactOpts {
+	return &TransactOpts{
+		From: account.Address,
+		Signer: func(signer types.Signer, address common.Address, transaction *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			if address != account.Address {
+				return nil, errors.New("not authorized to sign this account")
+			}
+			return clef.SignTx(account, transaction, nil) // Clef enforces its own chain id
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backend.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backend.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..556394f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backend.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrNoCode is returned by call and transact operations for which the requested
+	// recipient contract to operate on does not exist in the state db or does not
+	// have any code associated with it (i.e. suicided).
+	ErrNoCode = errors.New("no contract code at given address")
+
+	// This error is raised when attempting to perform a pending state action
+	// on a backend that doesn't implement PendingContractCaller.
+	ErrNoPendingState = errors.New("backend does not support pending state")
+
+	// This error is returned by WaitDeployed if contract creation leaves an
+	// empty contract behind.
+	ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy = errors.New("no contract code after deployment")
+)
+
+// ContractCaller defines the methods needed to allow operating with contract on a read
+// only basis.
+type ContractCaller interface {
+	// CodeAt returns the code of the given account. This is needed to differentiate
+	// between contract internal errors and the local chain being out of sync.
+	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+	// ContractCall executes an Ethereum contract call with the specified data as the
+	// input.
+	CallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// PendingContractCaller defines methods to perform contract calls on the pending state.
+// Call will try to discover this interface when access to the pending state is requested.
+// If the backend does not support the pending state, Call returns ErrNoPendingState.
+type PendingContractCaller interface {
+	// PendingCodeAt returns the code of the given account in the pending state.
+	PendingCodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address) ([]byte, error)
+	// PendingCallContract executes an Ethereum contract call against the pending state.
+	PendingCallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// ContractTransactor defines the methods needed to allow operating with contract
+// on a write only basis. Beside the transacting method, the remainder are helpers
+// used when the user does not provide some needed values, but rather leaves it up
+// to the transactor to decide.
+type ContractTransactor interface {
+	// PendingCodeAt returns the code of the given account in the pending state.
+	PendingCodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address) ([]byte, error)
+	// PendingNonceAt retrieves the current pending nonce associated with an account.
+	PendingNonceAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address) (uint64, error)
+	// SuggestGasPrice retrieves the currently suggested gas price to allow a timely
+	// execution of a transaction.
+	SuggestGasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error)
+	// EstimateGas tries to estimate the gas needed to execute a specific
+	// transaction based on the current pending state of the backend blockchain.
+	// There is no guarantee that this is the true gas limit requirement as other
+	// transactions may be added or removed by miners, but it should provide a basis
+	// for setting a reasonable default.
+	EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (gas uint64, err error)
+	// SendTransaction injects the transaction into the pending pool for execution.
+	SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction) error
+}
+
+// ContractFilterer defines the methods needed to access log events using one-off
+// queries or continuous event subscriptions.
+type ContractFilterer interface {
+	// FilterLogs executes a log filter operation, blocking during execution and
+	// returning all the results in one batch.
+	//
+	// TODO(karalabe): Deprecate when the subscription one can return past data too.
+	FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error)
+
+	// SubscribeFilterLogs creates a background log filtering operation, returning
+	// a subscription immediately, which can be used to stream the found events.
+	SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error)
+}
+
+// DeployBackend wraps the operations needed by WaitMined and WaitDeployed.
+type DeployBackend interface {
+	TransactionReceipt(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error)
+	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// ContractBackend defines the methods needed to work with contracts on a read-write basis.
+type ContractBackend interface {
+	ContractCaller
+	ContractTransactor
+	ContractFilterer
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88610a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package backends
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/consensus/ethash"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/bloombits"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/state"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/params"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/rpc"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/eth/filters"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// This nil assignment ensures compile time that SimulatedBackend implements bind.ContractBackend.
+var _ bind.ContractBackend = (*SimulatedBackend)(nil)
+
+var (
+	errBlockNumberUnsupported = errors.New("simulatedBackend cannot access blocks other than the latest block")
+	errGasEstimationFailed    = errors.New("gas required exceeds allowance or always failing transaction")
+)
+
+// SimulatedBackend implements bind.ContractBackend, simulating a blockchain in
+// the background. Its main purpose is to allow easily testing contract bindings.
+type SimulatedBackend struct {
+	database   ethdb.Database   // In memory database to store our testing data
+	blockchain *core.BlockChain // Ethereum blockchain to handle the consensus
+
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	pendingBlock *types.Block   // Currently pending block that will be imported on request
+	pendingState *state.StateDB // Currently pending state that will be the active on on request
+
+	events *filters.EventSystem // Event system for filtering log events live
+
+	config *params.ChainConfig
+}
+
+// NewSimulatedBackendWithDatabase creates a new binding backend based on the given database
+// and uses a simulated blockchain for testing purposes.
+func NewSimulatedBackendWithDatabase(database ethdb.Database, alloc core.GenesisAlloc, gasLimit uint64) *SimulatedBackend {
+	genesis := core.Genesis{Config: params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, GasLimit: gasLimit, Alloc: alloc}
+	genesis.MustCommit(database)
+	blockchain, _ := core.NewBlockChain(database, nil, genesis.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil)
+
+	backend := &SimulatedBackend{
+		database:   database,
+		blockchain: blockchain,
+		config:     genesis.Config,
+		events:     filters.NewEventSystem(new(event.TypeMux), &filterBackend{database, blockchain}, false),
+	}
+	backend.rollback()
+	return backend
+}
+
+// NewSimulatedBackend creates a new binding backend using a simulated blockchain
+// for testing purposes.
+func NewSimulatedBackend(alloc core.GenesisAlloc, gasLimit uint64) *SimulatedBackend {
+	return NewSimulatedBackendWithDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), alloc, gasLimit)
+}
+
+// Close terminates the underlying blockchain's update loop.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) Close() error {
+	b.blockchain.Stop()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Commit imports all the pending transactions as a single block and starts a
+// fresh new state.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) Commit() {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, err := b.blockchain.InsertChain([]*types.Block{b.pendingBlock}); err != nil {
+		panic(err) // This cannot happen unless the simulator is wrong, fail in that case
+	}
+	b.rollback()
+}
+
+// Rollback aborts all pending transactions, reverting to the last committed state.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) Rollback() {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	b.rollback()
+}
+
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) rollback() {
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+
+	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), statedb.Database())
+}
+
+// CodeAt returns the code associated with a certain account in the blockchain.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) CodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if blockNumber != nil && blockNumber.Cmp(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number()) != 0 {
+		return nil, errBlockNumberUnsupported
+	}
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+	return statedb.GetCode(contract), nil
+}
+
+// BalanceAt returns the wei balance of a certain account in the blockchain.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) BalanceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) (*big.Int, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if blockNumber != nil && blockNumber.Cmp(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number()) != 0 {
+		return nil, errBlockNumberUnsupported
+	}
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+	return statedb.GetBalance(contract), nil
+}
+
+// NonceAt returns the nonce of a certain account in the blockchain.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) NonceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) (uint64, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if blockNumber != nil && blockNumber.Cmp(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number()) != 0 {
+		return 0, errBlockNumberUnsupported
+	}
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+	return statedb.GetNonce(contract), nil
+}
+
+// StorageAt returns the value of key in the storage of an account in the blockchain.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) StorageAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, key common.Hash, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if blockNumber != nil && blockNumber.Cmp(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number()) != 0 {
+		return nil, errBlockNumberUnsupported
+	}
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+	val := statedb.GetState(contract, key)
+	return val[:], nil
+}
+
+// TransactionReceipt returns the receipt of a transaction.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) TransactionReceipt(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+	receipt, _, _, _ := rawdb.ReadReceipt(b.database, txHash, b.config)
+	return receipt, nil
+}
+
+// TransactionByHash checks the pool of pending transactions in addition to the
+// blockchain. The isPending return value indicates whether the transaction has been
+// mined yet. Note that the transaction may not be part of the canonical chain even if
+// it's not pending.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) TransactionByHash(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Transaction, bool, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	tx := b.pendingBlock.Transaction(txHash)
+	if tx != nil {
+		return tx, true, nil
+	}
+	tx, _, _, _ = rawdb.ReadTransaction(b.database, txHash)
+	if tx != nil {
+		return tx, false, nil
+	}
+	return nil, false, ethereum.NotFound
+}
+
+// PendingCodeAt returns the code associated with an account in the pending state.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) PendingCodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address) ([]byte, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return b.pendingState.GetCode(contract), nil
+}
+
+// CallContract executes a contract call.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) CallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if blockNumber != nil && blockNumber.Cmp(b.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number()) != 0 {
+		return nil, errBlockNumberUnsupported
+	}
+	state, err := b.blockchain.State()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rval, _, _, err := b.callContract(ctx, call, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), state)
+	return rval, err
+}
+
+// PendingCallContract executes a contract call on the pending state.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) PendingCallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) ([]byte, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	defer b.pendingState.RevertToSnapshot(b.pendingState.Snapshot())
+
+	rval, _, _, err := b.callContract(ctx, call, b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState)
+	return rval, err
+}
+
+// PendingNonceAt implements PendingStateReader.PendingNonceAt, retrieving
+// the nonce currently pending for the account.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) PendingNonceAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address) (uint64, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return b.pendingState.GetOrNewStateObject(account).Nonce(), nil
+}
+
+// SuggestGasPrice implements ContractTransactor.SuggestGasPrice. Since the simulated
+// chain doesn't have miners, we just return a gas price of 1 for any call.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) SuggestGasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
+	return big.NewInt(1), nil
+}
+
+// EstimateGas executes the requested code against the currently pending block/state and
+// returns the used amount of gas.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (uint64, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Determine the lowest and highest possible gas limits to binary search in between
+	var (
+		lo  uint64 = params.TxGas - 1
+		hi  uint64
+		cap uint64
+	)
+	if call.Gas >= params.TxGas {
+		hi = call.Gas
+	} else {
+		hi = b.pendingBlock.GasLimit()
+	}
+	cap = hi
+
+	// Create a helper to check if a gas allowance results in an executable transaction
+	executable := func(gas uint64) bool {
+		call.Gas = gas
+
+		snapshot := b.pendingState.Snapshot()
+		_, _, failed, err := b.callContract(ctx, call, b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState)
+		b.pendingState.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
+
+		if err != nil || failed {
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	// Execute the binary search and hone in on an executable gas limit
+	for lo+1 < hi {
+		mid := (hi + lo) / 2
+		if !executable(mid) {
+			lo = mid
+		} else {
+			hi = mid
+		}
+	}
+	// Reject the transaction as invalid if it still fails at the highest allowance
+	if hi == cap {
+		if !executable(hi) {
+			return 0, errGasEstimationFailed
+		}
+	}
+	return hi, nil
+}
+
+// callContract implements common code between normal and pending contract calls.
+// state is modified during execution, make sure to copy it if necessary.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB) ([]byte, uint64, bool, error) {
+	// Ensure message is initialized properly.
+	if call.GasPrice == nil {
+		call.GasPrice = big.NewInt(1)
+	}
+	if call.Gas == 0 {
+		call.Gas = 50000000
+	}
+	if call.Value == nil {
+		call.Value = new(big.Int)
+	}
+	// Set infinite balance to the fake caller account.
+	from := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(call.From)
+	from.SetBalance(math.MaxBig256)
+	// Execute the call.
+	msg := callmsg{call}
+
+	evmContext := core.NewEVMContext(msg, block.Header(), b.blockchain, nil)
+	// Create a new environment which holds all relevant information
+	// about the transaction and calling mechanisms.
+	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, statedb, b.config, vm.Config{})
+	gaspool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(math.MaxUint64)
+
+	return core.NewStateTransition(vmenv, msg, gaspool).TransitionDb()
+}
+
+// SendTransaction updates the pending block to include the given transaction.
+// It panics if the transaction is invalid.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction) error {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	sender, err := types.Sender(types.NewEIP155Signer(b.config.ChainID), tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction: %v", err))
+	}
+	nonce := b.pendingState.GetNonce(sender)
+	if tx.Nonce() != nonce {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction nonce: got %d, want %d", tx.Nonce(), nonce))
+	}
+
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
+		for _, tx := range b.pendingBlock.Transactions() {
+			block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
+		}
+		block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
+	})
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+
+	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), statedb.Database())
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FilterLogs executes a log filter operation, blocking during execution and
+// returning all the results in one batch.
+//
+// TODO(karalabe): Deprecate when the subscription one can return past data too.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error) {
+	var filter *filters.Filter
+	if query.BlockHash != nil {
+		// Block filter requested, construct a single-shot filter
+		filter = filters.NewBlockFilter(&filterBackend{b.database, b.blockchain}, *query.BlockHash, query.Addresses, query.Topics)
+	} else {
+		// Initialize unset filter boundaried to run from genesis to chain head
+		from := int64(0)
+		if query.FromBlock != nil {
+			from = query.FromBlock.Int64()
+		}
+		to := int64(-1)
+		if query.ToBlock != nil {
+			to = query.ToBlock.Int64()
+		}
+		// Construct the range filter
+		filter = filters.NewRangeFilter(&filterBackend{b.database, b.blockchain}, from, to, query.Addresses, query.Topics)
+	}
+	// Run the filter and return all the logs
+	logs, err := filter.Logs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	res := make([]types.Log, len(logs))
+	for i, log := range logs {
+		res[i] = *log
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// SubscribeFilterLogs creates a background log filtering operation, returning a
+// subscription immediately, which can be used to stream the found events.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error) {
+	// Subscribe to contract events
+	sink := make(chan []*types.Log)
+
+	sub, err := b.events.SubscribeLogs(query, sink)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Since we're getting logs in batches, we need to flatten them into a plain stream
+	return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case logs := <-sink:
+				for _, log := range logs {
+					select {
+					case ch <- *log:
+					case err := <-sub.Err():
+						return err
+					case <-quit:
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			case err := <-sub.Err():
+				return err
+			case <-quit:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}), nil
+}
+
+// AdjustTime adds a time shift to the simulated clock.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) AdjustTime(adjustment time.Duration) error {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
+		for _, tx := range b.pendingBlock.Transactions() {
+			block.AddTx(tx)
+		}
+		block.OffsetTime(int64(adjustment.Seconds()))
+	})
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+
+	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), statedb.Database())
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Blockchain returns the underlying blockchain.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) Blockchain() *core.BlockChain {
+	return b.blockchain
+}
+
+// callmsg implements core.Message to allow passing it as a transaction simulator.
+type callmsg struct {
+	ethereum.CallMsg
+}
+
+func (m callmsg) From() common.Address { return m.CallMsg.From }
+func (m callmsg) Nonce() uint64        { return 0 }
+func (m callmsg) CheckNonce() bool     { return false }
+func (m callmsg) To() *common.Address  { return m.CallMsg.To }
+func (m callmsg) GasPrice() *big.Int   { return m.CallMsg.GasPrice }
+func (m callmsg) Gas() uint64          { return m.CallMsg.Gas }
+func (m callmsg) Value() *big.Int      { return m.CallMsg.Value }
+func (m callmsg) Data() []byte         { return m.CallMsg.Data }
+
+// filterBackend implements filters.Backend to support filtering for logs without
+// taking bloom-bits acceleration structures into account.
+type filterBackend struct {
+	db ethdb.Database
+	bc *core.BlockChain
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) ChainDb() ethdb.Database  { return fb.db }
+func (fb *filterBackend) EventMux() *event.TypeMux { panic("not supported") }
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) HeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, block rpc.BlockNumber) (*types.Header, error) {
+	if block == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
+		return fb.bc.CurrentHeader(), nil
+	}
+	return fb.bc.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(block.Int64())), nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) HeaderByHash(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (*types.Header, error) {
+	return fb.bc.GetHeaderByHash(hash), nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) GetReceipts(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (types.Receipts, error) {
+	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(fb.db, hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return rawdb.ReadReceipts(fb.db, hash, *number, fb.bc.Config()), nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) GetLogs(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) ([][]*types.Log, error) {
+	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(fb.db, hash)
+	if number == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(fb.db, hash, *number, fb.bc.Config())
+	if receipts == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	logs := make([][]*types.Log, len(receipts))
+	for i, receipt := range receipts {
+		logs[i] = receipt.Logs
+	}
+	return logs, nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeNewTxsEvent(ch chan<- core.NewTxsEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		<-quit
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return fb.bc.SubscribeChainEvent(ch)
+}
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- core.RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return fb.bc.SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch)
+}
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeLogsEvent(ch chan<- []*types.Log) event.Subscription {
+	return fb.bc.SubscribeLogsEvent(ch)
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) BloomStatus() (uint64, uint64) { return 4096, 0 }
+func (fb *filterBackend) ServiceFilter(ctx context.Context, ms *bloombits.MatcherSession) {
+	panic("not supported")
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/base.go b/accounts/abi/bind/base.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d64f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/base.go
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// SignerFn is a signer function callback when a contract requires a method to
+// sign the transaction before submission.
+type SignerFn func(types.Signer, common.Address, *types.Transaction) (*types.Transaction, error)
+
+// CallOpts is the collection of options to fine tune a contract call request.
+type CallOpts struct {
+	Pending     bool            // Whether to operate on the pending state or the last known one
+	From        common.Address  // Optional the sender address, otherwise the first account is used
+	BlockNumber *big.Int        // Optional the block number on which the call should be performed
+	Context     context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
+// TransactOpts is the collection of authorization data required to create a
+// valid Ethereum transaction.
+type TransactOpts struct {
+	From   common.Address // Ethereum account to send the transaction from
+	Nonce  *big.Int       // Nonce to use for the transaction execution (nil = use pending state)
+	Signer SignerFn       // Method to use for signing the transaction (mandatory)
+
+	Value    *big.Int // Funds to transfer along along the transaction (nil = 0 = no funds)
+	GasPrice *big.Int // Gas price to use for the transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
+	GasLimit uint64   // Gas limit to set for the transaction execution (0 = estimate)
+
+	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
+// FilterOpts is the collection of options to fine tune filtering for events
+// within a bound contract.
+type FilterOpts struct {
+	Start uint64  // Start of the queried range
+	End   *uint64 // End of the range (nil = latest)
+
+	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
+// WatchOpts is the collection of options to fine tune subscribing for events
+// within a bound contract.
+type WatchOpts struct {
+	Start   *uint64         // Start of the queried range (nil = latest)
+	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
+// BoundContract is the base wrapper object that reflects a contract on the
+// Ethereum network. It contains a collection of methods that are used by the
+// higher level contract bindings to operate.
+type BoundContract struct {
+	address    common.Address     // Deployment address of the contract on the Ethereum blockchain
+	abi        abi.ABI            // Reflect based ABI to access the correct Ethereum methods
+	caller     ContractCaller     // Read interface to interact with the blockchain
+	transactor ContractTransactor // Write interface to interact with the blockchain
+	filterer   ContractFilterer   // Event filtering to interact with the blockchain
+}
+
+// NewBoundContract creates a low level contract interface through which calls
+// and transactions may be made through.
+func NewBoundContract(address common.Address, abi abi.ABI, caller ContractCaller, transactor ContractTransactor, filterer ContractFilterer) *BoundContract {
+	return &BoundContract{
+		address:    address,
+		abi:        abi,
+		caller:     caller,
+		transactor: transactor,
+		filterer:   filterer,
+	}
+}
+
+// DeployContract deploys a contract onto the Ethereum blockchain and binds the
+// deployment address with a Go wrapper.
+func DeployContract(opts *TransactOpts, abi abi.ABI, bytecode []byte, backend ContractBackend, params ...interface{}) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *BoundContract, error) {
+	// Otherwise try to deploy the contract
+	c := NewBoundContract(common.Address{}, abi, backend, backend, backend)
+
+	input, err := c.abi.Pack("", params...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	tx, err := c.transact(opts, nil, append(bytecode, input...))
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	c.address = crypto.CreateAddress(opts.From, tx.Nonce())
+	return c.address, tx, c, nil
+}
+
+// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+// returns.
+func (c *BoundContract) Call(opts *CallOpts, result interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+	// Don't crash on a lazy user
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = new(CallOpts)
+	}
+	// Pack the input, call and unpack the results
+	input, err := c.abi.Pack(method, params...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var (
+		msg    = ethereum.CallMsg{From: opts.From, To: &c.address, Data: input}
+		ctx    = ensureContext(opts.Context)
+		code   []byte
+		output []byte
+	)
+	if opts.Pending {
+		pb, ok := c.caller.(PendingContractCaller)
+		if !ok {
+			return ErrNoPendingState
+		}
+		output, err = pb.PendingCallContract(ctx, msg)
+		if err == nil && len(output) == 0 {
+			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
+			if code, err = pb.PendingCodeAt(ctx, c.address); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else if len(code) == 0 {
+				return ErrNoCode
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		output, err = c.caller.CallContract(ctx, msg, opts.BlockNumber)
+		if err == nil && len(output) == 0 {
+			// Make sure we have a contract to operate on, and bail out otherwise.
+			if code, err = c.caller.CodeAt(ctx, c.address, opts.BlockNumber); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else if len(code) == 0 {
+				return ErrNoCode
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.abi.Unpack(result, method, output)
+}
+
+// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+func (c *BoundContract) Transact(opts *TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	// Otherwise pack up the parameters and invoke the contract
+	input, err := c.abi.Pack(method, params...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return c.transact(opts, &c.address, input)
+}
+
+// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+// its default method if one is available.
+func (c *BoundContract) Transfer(opts *TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return c.transact(opts, &c.address, nil)
+}
+
+// transact executes an actual transaction invocation, first deriving any missing
+// authorization fields, and then scheduling the transaction for execution.
+func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, input []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	var err error
+
+	// Ensure a valid value field and resolve the account nonce
+	value := opts.Value
+	if value == nil {
+		value = new(big.Int)
+	}
+	var nonce uint64
+	if opts.Nonce == nil {
+		nonce, err = c.transactor.PendingNonceAt(ensureContext(opts.Context), opts.From)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve account nonce: %v", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		nonce = opts.Nonce.Uint64()
+	}
+	// Figure out the gas allowance and gas price values
+	gasPrice := opts.GasPrice
+	if gasPrice == nil {
+		gasPrice, err = c.transactor.SuggestGasPrice(ensureContext(opts.Context))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to suggest gas price: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	gasLimit := opts.GasLimit
+	if gasLimit == 0 {
+		// Gas estimation cannot succeed without code for method invocations
+		if contract != nil {
+			if code, err := c.transactor.PendingCodeAt(ensureContext(opts.Context), c.address); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			} else if len(code) == 0 {
+				return nil, ErrNoCode
+			}
+		}
+		// If the contract surely has code (or code is not needed), estimate the transaction
+		msg := ethereum.CallMsg{From: opts.From, To: contract, Value: value, Data: input}
+		gasLimit, err = c.transactor.EstimateGas(ensureContext(opts.Context), msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to estimate gas needed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Create the transaction, sign it and schedule it for execution
+	var rawTx *types.Transaction
+	if contract == nil {
+		rawTx = types.NewContractCreation(nonce, value, gasLimit, gasPrice, input)
+	} else {
+		rawTx = types.NewTransaction(nonce, c.address, value, gasLimit, gasPrice, input)
+	}
+	if opts.Signer == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("no signer to authorize the transaction with")
+	}
+	signedTx, err := opts.Signer(types.HomesteadSigner{}, opts.From, rawTx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := c.transactor.SendTransaction(ensureContext(opts.Context), signedTx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return signedTx, nil
+}
+
+// FilterLogs filters contract logs for past blocks, returning the necessary
+// channels to construct a strongly typed bound iterator on top of them.
+func (c *BoundContract) FilterLogs(opts *FilterOpts, name string, query ...[]interface{}) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
+	// Don't crash on a lazy user
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = new(FilterOpts)
+	}
+	// Append the event selector to the query parameters and construct the topic set
+	query = append([][]interface{}{{c.abi.Events[name].ID()}}, query...)
+
+	topics, err := makeTopics(query...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// Start the background filtering
+	logs := make(chan types.Log, 128)
+
+	config := ethereum.FilterQuery{
+		Addresses: []common.Address{c.address},
+		Topics:    topics,
+		FromBlock: new(big.Int).SetUint64(opts.Start),
+	}
+	if opts.End != nil {
+		config.ToBlock = new(big.Int).SetUint64(*opts.End)
+	}
+	/* TODO(karalabe): Replace the rest of the method below with this when supported
+	sub, err := c.filterer.SubscribeFilterLogs(ensureContext(opts.Context), config, logs)
+	*/
+	buff, err := c.filterer.FilterLogs(ensureContext(opts.Context), config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	sub, err := event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		for _, log := range buff {
+			select {
+			case logs <- log:
+			case <-quit:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}), nil
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return logs, sub, nil
+}
+
+// WatchLogs filters subscribes to contract logs for future blocks, returning a
+// subscription object that can be used to tear down the watcher.
+func (c *BoundContract) WatchLogs(opts *WatchOpts, name string, query ...[]interface{}) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
+	// Don't crash on a lazy user
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = new(WatchOpts)
+	}
+	// Append the event selector to the query parameters and construct the topic set
+	query = append([][]interface{}{{c.abi.Events[name].ID()}}, query...)
+
+	topics, err := makeTopics(query...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// Start the background filtering
+	logs := make(chan types.Log, 128)
+
+	config := ethereum.FilterQuery{
+		Addresses: []common.Address{c.address},
+		Topics:    topics,
+	}
+	if opts.Start != nil {
+		config.FromBlock = new(big.Int).SetUint64(*opts.Start)
+	}
+	sub, err := c.filterer.SubscribeFilterLogs(ensureContext(opts.Context), config, logs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return logs, sub, nil
+}
+
+// UnpackLog unpacks a retrieved log into the provided output structure.
+func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLog(out interface{}, event string, log types.Log) error {
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := c.abi.Unpack(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range c.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	return parseTopics(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:])
+}
+
+// UnpackLogIntoMap unpacks a retrieved log into the provided map.
+func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLogIntoMap(out map[string]interface{}, event string, log types.Log) error {
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := c.abi.UnpackIntoMap(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range c.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	return parseTopicsIntoMap(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:])
+}
+
+// ensureContext is a helper method to ensure a context is not nil, even if the
+// user specified it as such.
+func ensureContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return context.TODO()
+	}
+	return ctx
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/bind.go b/accounts/abi/bind/bind.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e869eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/bind.go
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings.
+//
+// Detailed usage document and tutorial available on the go-ethereum Wiki page:
+// https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Native-DApps:-Go-bindings-to-Ethereum-contracts
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"go/format"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// Lang is a target programming language selector to generate bindings for.
+type Lang int
+
+const (
+	LangGo Lang = iota
+	LangJava
+	LangObjC
+)
+
+// Bind generates a Go wrapper around a contract ABI. This wrapper isn't meant
+// to be used as is in client code, but rather as an intermediate struct which
+// enforces compile time type safety and naming convention opposed to having to
+// manually maintain hard coded strings that break on runtime.
+func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, fsigs []map[string]string, pkg string, lang Lang, libs map[string]string) (string, error) {
+	// Process each individual contract requested binding
+	contracts := make(map[string]*tmplContract)
+
+	// Map used to flag each encountered library as such
+	isLib := make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(types); i++ {
+		// Parse the actual ABI to generate the binding for
+		evmABI, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(abis[i]))
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		// Strip any whitespace from the JSON ABI
+		strippedABI := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
+			if unicode.IsSpace(r) {
+				return -1
+			}
+			return r
+		}, abis[i])
+
+		// Extract the call and transact methods; events, struct definitions; and sort them alphabetically
+		var (
+			calls     = make(map[string]*tmplMethod)
+			transacts = make(map[string]*tmplMethod)
+			events    = make(map[string]*tmplEvent)
+			structs   = make(map[string]*tmplStruct)
+		)
+		for _, original := range evmABI.Methods {
+			// Normalize the method for capital cases and non-anonymous inputs/outputs
+			normalized := original
+			normalized.Name = methodNormalizer[lang](original.Name)
+
+			normalized.Inputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Inputs))
+			copy(normalized.Inputs, original.Inputs)
+			for j, input := range normalized.Inputs {
+				if input.Name == "" {
+					normalized.Inputs[j].Name = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", j)
+				}
+				if _, exist := structs[input.Type.String()]; input.Type.T == abi.TupleTy && !exist {
+					bindStructType[lang](input.Type, structs)
+				}
+			}
+			normalized.Outputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Outputs))
+			copy(normalized.Outputs, original.Outputs)
+			for j, output := range normalized.Outputs {
+				if output.Name != "" {
+					normalized.Outputs[j].Name = capitalise(output.Name)
+				}
+				if _, exist := structs[output.Type.String()]; output.Type.T == abi.TupleTy && !exist {
+					bindStructType[lang](output.Type, structs)
+				}
+			}
+			// Append the methods to the call or transact lists
+			if original.Const {
+				calls[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original.Outputs)}
+			} else {
+				transacts[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original.Outputs)}
+			}
+		}
+		for _, original := range evmABI.Events {
+			// Skip anonymous events as they don't support explicit filtering
+			if original.Anonymous {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Normalize the event for capital cases and non-anonymous outputs
+			normalized := original
+			normalized.Name = methodNormalizer[lang](original.Name)
+
+			normalized.Inputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Inputs))
+			copy(normalized.Inputs, original.Inputs)
+			for j, input := range normalized.Inputs {
+				// Indexed fields are input, non-indexed ones are outputs
+				if input.Indexed {
+					if input.Name == "" {
+						normalized.Inputs[j].Name = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", j)
+					}
+					if _, exist := structs[input.Type.String()]; input.Type.T == abi.TupleTy && !exist {
+						bindStructType[lang](input.Type, structs)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// Append the event to the accumulator list
+			events[original.Name] = &tmplEvent{Original: original, Normalized: normalized}
+		}
+
+		// There is no easy way to pass arbitrary java objects to the Go side.
+		if len(structs) > 0 && lang == LangJava {
+			return "", errors.New("java binding for tuple arguments is not supported yet")
+		}
+
+		contracts[types[i]] = &tmplContract{
+			Type:        capitalise(types[i]),
+			InputABI:    strings.Replace(strippedABI, "\"", "\\\"", -1),
+			InputBin:    strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(bytecodes[i]), "0x"),
+			Constructor: evmABI.Constructor,
+			Calls:       calls,
+			Transacts:   transacts,
+			Events:      events,
+			Libraries:   make(map[string]string),
+			Structs:     structs,
+		}
+		// Function 4-byte signatures are stored in the same sequence
+		// as types, if available.
+		if len(fsigs) > i {
+			contracts[types[i]].FuncSigs = fsigs[i]
+		}
+		// Parse library references.
+		for pattern, name := range libs {
+			matched, err := regexp.Match("__\\$"+pattern+"\\$__", []byte(contracts[types[i]].InputBin))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("Could not search for pattern", "pattern", pattern, "contract", contracts[types[i]], "err", err)
+			}
+			if matched {
+				contracts[types[i]].Libraries[pattern] = name
+				// keep track that this type is a library
+				if _, ok := isLib[name]; !ok {
+					isLib[name] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Check if that type has already been identified as a library
+	for i := 0; i < len(types); i++ {
+		_, ok := isLib[types[i]]
+		contracts[types[i]].Library = ok
+	}
+	// Generate the contract template data content and render it
+	data := &tmplData{
+		Package:   pkg,
+		Contracts: contracts,
+		Libraries: libs,
+	}
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+
+	funcs := map[string]interface{}{
+		"bindtype":      bindType[lang],
+		"bindtopictype": bindTopicType[lang],
+		"namedtype":     namedType[lang],
+		"formatmethod":  formatMethod,
+		"formatevent":   formatEvent,
+		"capitalise":    capitalise,
+		"decapitalise":  decapitalise,
+	}
+	tmpl := template.Must(template.New("").Funcs(funcs).Parse(tmplSource[lang]))
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(buffer, data); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	// For Go bindings pass the code through gofmt to clean it up
+	if lang == LangGo {
+		code, err := format.Source(buffer.Bytes())
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%v\n%s", err, buffer)
+		}
+		return string(code), nil
+	}
+	// For all others just return as is for now
+	return buffer.String(), nil
+}
+
+// bindType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity types to some supported
+// programming language types.
+var bindType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string{
+	LangGo:   bindTypeGo,
+	LangJava: bindTypeJava,
+}
+
+// bindBasicTypeGo converts basic solidity types(except array, slice and tuple) to Go one.
+func bindBasicTypeGo(kind abi.Type) string {
+	switch kind.T {
+	case abi.AddressTy:
+		return "common.Address"
+	case abi.IntTy, abi.UintTy:
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(kind.String())
+		switch parts[2] {
+		case "8", "16", "32", "64":
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%sint%s", parts[1], parts[2])
+		}
+		return "*big.Int"
+	case abi.FixedBytesTy:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]byte", kind.Size)
+	case abi.BytesTy:
+		return "[]byte"
+	case abi.FunctionTy:
+		return "[24]byte"
+	default:
+		// string, bool types
+		return kind.String()
+	}
+}
+
+// bindTypeGo converts solidity types to Go ones. Since there is no clear mapping
+// from all Solidity types to Go ones (e.g. uint17), those that cannot be exactly
+// mapped will use an upscaled type (e.g. BigDecimal).
+func bindTypeGo(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	switch kind.T {
+	case abi.TupleTy:
+		return structs[kind.String()].Name
+	case abi.ArrayTy:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", kind.Size) + bindTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
+	case abi.SliceTy:
+		return "[]" + bindTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
+	default:
+		return bindBasicTypeGo(kind)
+	}
+}
+
+// bindBasicTypeJava converts basic solidity types(except array, slice and tuple) to Java one.
+func bindBasicTypeJava(kind abi.Type) string {
+	switch kind.T {
+	case abi.AddressTy:
+		return "Address"
+	case abi.IntTy, abi.UintTy:
+		// Note that uint and int (without digits) are also matched,
+		// these are size 256, and will translate to BigInt (the default).
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(kind.String())
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			return kind.String()
+		}
+		// All unsigned integers should be translated to BigInt since gomobile doesn't
+		// support them.
+		if parts[1] == "u" {
+			return "BigInt"
+		}
+
+		namedSize := map[string]string{
+			"8":  "byte",
+			"16": "short",
+			"32": "int",
+			"64": "long",
+		}[parts[2]]
+
+		// default to BigInt
+		if namedSize == "" {
+			namedSize = "BigInt"
+		}
+		return namedSize
+	case abi.FixedBytesTy, abi.BytesTy:
+		return "byte[]"
+	case abi.BoolTy:
+		return "boolean"
+	case abi.StringTy:
+		return "String"
+	case abi.FunctionTy:
+		return "byte[24]"
+	default:
+		return kind.String()
+	}
+}
+
+// pluralizeJavaType explicitly converts multidimensional types to predefined
+// type in go side.
+func pluralizeJavaType(typ string) string {
+	switch typ {
+	case "boolean":
+		return "Bools"
+	case "String":
+		return "Strings"
+	case "Address":
+		return "Addresses"
+	case "byte[]":
+		return "Binaries"
+	case "BigInt":
+		return "BigInts"
+	}
+	return typ + "[]"
+}
+
+// bindTypeJava converts a Solidity type to a Java one. Since there is no clear mapping
+// from all Solidity types to Java ones (e.g. uint17), those that cannot be exactly
+// mapped will use an upscaled type (e.g. BigDecimal).
+func bindTypeJava(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	switch kind.T {
+	case abi.TupleTy:
+		return structs[kind.String()].Name
+	case abi.ArrayTy, abi.SliceTy:
+		return pluralizeJavaType(bindTypeJava(*kind.Elem, structs))
+	default:
+		return bindBasicTypeJava(kind)
+	}
+}
+
+// bindTopicType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity types to some
+// supported programming language topic types.
+var bindTopicType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string{
+	LangGo:   bindTopicTypeGo,
+	LangJava: bindTopicTypeJava,
+}
+
+// bindTopicTypeGo converts a Solidity topic type to a Go one. It is almost the same
+// funcionality as for simple types, but dynamic types get converted to hashes.
+func bindTopicTypeGo(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	bound := bindTypeGo(kind, structs)
+	if bound == "string" || bound == "[]byte" {
+		bound = "common.Hash"
+	}
+	return bound
+}
+
+// bindTopicTypeJava converts a Solidity topic type to a Java one. It is almost the same
+// funcionality as for simple types, but dynamic types get converted to hashes.
+func bindTopicTypeJava(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	bound := bindTypeJava(kind, structs)
+	if bound == "String" || bound == "byte[]" {
+		bound = "Hash"
+	}
+	return bound
+}
+
+// bindStructType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity tuple types to some supported
+// programming language struct definition.
+var bindStructType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string{
+	LangGo:   bindStructTypeGo,
+	LangJava: bindStructTypeJava,
+}
+
+// bindStructTypeGo converts a Solidity tuple type to a Go one and records the mapping
+// in the given map.
+// Notably, this function will resolve and record nested struct recursively.
+func bindStructTypeGo(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	switch kind.T {
+	case abi.TupleTy:
+		if s, exist := structs[kind.String()]; exist {
+			return s.Name
+		}
+		var fields []*tmplField
+		for i, elem := range kind.TupleElems {
+			field := bindStructTypeGo(*elem, structs)
+			fields = append(fields, &tmplField{Type: field, Name: capitalise(kind.TupleRawNames[i]), SolKind: *elem})
+		}
+		name := fmt.Sprintf("Struct%d", len(structs))
+		structs[kind.String()] = &tmplStruct{
+			Name:   name,
+			Fields: fields,
+		}
+		return name
+	case abi.ArrayTy:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", kind.Size) + bindStructTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
+	case abi.SliceTy:
+		return "[]" + bindStructTypeGo(*kind.Elem, structs)
+	default:
+		return bindBasicTypeGo(kind)
+	}
+}
+
+// bindStructTypeJava converts a Solidity tuple type to a Java one and records the mapping
+// in the given map.
+// Notably, this function will resolve and record nested struct recursively.
+func bindStructTypeJava(kind abi.Type, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	switch kind.T {
+	case abi.TupleTy:
+		if s, exist := structs[kind.String()]; exist {
+			return s.Name
+		}
+		var fields []*tmplField
+		for i, elem := range kind.TupleElems {
+			field := bindStructTypeJava(*elem, structs)
+			fields = append(fields, &tmplField{Type: field, Name: decapitalise(kind.TupleRawNames[i]), SolKind: *elem})
+		}
+		name := fmt.Sprintf("Class%d", len(structs))
+		structs[kind.String()] = &tmplStruct{
+			Name:   name,
+			Fields: fields,
+		}
+		return name
+	case abi.ArrayTy, abi.SliceTy:
+		return pluralizeJavaType(bindStructTypeJava(*kind.Elem, structs))
+	default:
+		return bindBasicTypeJava(kind)
+	}
+}
+
+// namedType is a set of functions that transform language specific types to
+// named versions that my be used inside method names.
+var namedType = map[Lang]func(string, abi.Type) string{
+	LangGo:   func(string, abi.Type) string { panic("this shouldn't be needed") },
+	LangJava: namedTypeJava,
+}
+
+// namedTypeJava converts some primitive data types to named variants that can
+// be used as parts of method names.
+func namedTypeJava(javaKind string, solKind abi.Type) string {
+	switch javaKind {
+	case "byte[]":
+		return "Binary"
+	case "boolean":
+		return "Bool"
+	default:
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(solKind.String())
+		if len(parts) != 4 {
+			return javaKind
+		}
+		switch parts[2] {
+		case "8", "16", "32", "64":
+			if parts[3] == "" {
+				return capitalise(fmt.Sprintf("%sint%s", parts[1], parts[2]))
+			}
+			return capitalise(fmt.Sprintf("%sint%ss", parts[1], parts[2]))
+
+		default:
+			return javaKind
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// methodNormalizer is a name transformer that modifies Solidity method names to
+// conform to target language naming concentions.
+var methodNormalizer = map[Lang]func(string) string{
+	LangGo:   abi.ToCamelCase,
+	LangJava: decapitalise,
+}
+
+// capitalise makes a camel-case string which starts with an upper case character.
+func capitalise(input string) string {
+	return abi.ToCamelCase(input)
+}
+
+// decapitalise makes a camel-case string which starts with a lower case character.
+func decapitalise(input string) string {
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		return input
+	}
+
+	goForm := abi.ToCamelCase(input)
+	return strings.ToLower(goForm[:1]) + goForm[1:]
+}
+
+// structured checks whether a list of ABI data types has enough information to
+// operate through a proper Go struct or if flat returns are needed.
+func structured(args abi.Arguments) bool {
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+	exists := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, out := range args {
+		// If the name is anonymous, we can't organize into a struct
+		if out.Name == "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		// If the field name is empty when normalized or collides (var, Var, _var, _Var),
+		// we can't organize into a struct
+		field := capitalise(out.Name)
+		if field == "" || exists[field] {
+			return false
+		}
+		exists[field] = true
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// resolveArgName converts a raw argument representation into a user friendly format.
+func resolveArgName(arg abi.Argument, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	var (
+		prefix   string
+		embedded string
+		typ      = &arg.Type
+	)
+loop:
+	for {
+		switch typ.T {
+		case abi.SliceTy:
+			prefix += "[]"
+		case abi.ArrayTy:
+			prefix += fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", typ.Size)
+		default:
+			embedded = typ.String()
+			break loop
+		}
+		typ = typ.Elem
+	}
+	if s, exist := structs[embedded]; exist {
+		return prefix + s.Name
+	} else {
+		return arg.Type.String()
+	}
+}
+
+// formatMethod transforms raw method representation into a user friendly one.
+func formatMethod(method abi.Method, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	inputs := make([]string, len(method.Inputs))
+	for i, input := range method.Inputs {
+		inputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", resolveArgName(input, structs), input.Name)
+	}
+	outputs := make([]string, len(method.Outputs))
+	for i, output := range method.Outputs {
+		outputs[i] = resolveArgName(output, structs)
+		if len(output.Name) > 0 {
+			outputs[i] += fmt.Sprintf(" %v", output.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	constant := ""
+	if method.Const {
+		constant = "constant "
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("function %v(%v) %sreturns(%v)", method.RawName, strings.Join(inputs, ", "), constant, strings.Join(outputs, ", "))
+}
+
+// formatEvent transforms raw event representation into a user friendly one.
+func formatEvent(event abi.Event, structs map[string]*tmplStruct) string {
+	inputs := make([]string, len(event.Inputs))
+	for i, input := range event.Inputs {
+		if input.Indexed {
+			inputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v indexed %v", resolveArgName(input, structs), input.Name)
+		} else {
+			inputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", resolveArgName(input, structs), input.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("event %v(%v)", event.RawName, strings.Join(inputs, ", "))
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/template.go b/accounts/abi/bind/template.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e90d02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/template.go
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import "github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi"
+
+// tmplData is the data structure required to fill the binding template.
+type tmplData struct {
+	Package   string                   // Name of the package to place the generated file in
+	Contracts map[string]*tmplContract // List of contracts to generate into this file
+	Libraries map[string]string        // Map the bytecode's link pattern to the library name
+}
+
+// tmplContract contains the data needed to generate an individual contract binding.
+type tmplContract struct {
+	Type        string                 // Type name of the main contract binding
+	InputABI    string                 // JSON ABI used as the input to generate the binding from
+	InputBin    string                 // Optional EVM bytecode used to denetare deploy code from
+	FuncSigs    map[string]string      // Optional map: string signature -> 4-byte signature
+	Constructor abi.Method             // Contract constructor for deploy parametrization
+	Calls       map[string]*tmplMethod // Contract calls that only read state data
+	Transacts   map[string]*tmplMethod // Contract calls that write state data
+	Events      map[string]*tmplEvent  // Contract events accessors
+	Libraries   map[string]string      // Same as tmplData, but filtered to only keep what the contract needs
+	Structs     map[string]*tmplStruct // Contract struct type definitions
+	Library     bool
+}
+
+// tmplMethod is a wrapper around an abi.Method that contains a few preprocessed
+// and cached data fields.
+type tmplMethod struct {
+	Original   abi.Method // Original method as parsed by the abi package
+	Normalized abi.Method // Normalized version of the parsed method (capitalized names, non-anonymous args/returns)
+	Structured bool       // Whether the returns should be accumulated into a struct
+}
+
+// tmplEvent is a wrapper around an a
+type tmplEvent struct {
+	Original   abi.Event // Original event as parsed by the abi package
+	Normalized abi.Event // Normalized version of the parsed fields
+}
+
+// tmplField is a wrapper around a struct field with binding language
+// struct type definition and relative filed name.
+type tmplField struct {
+	Type    string   // Field type representation depends on target binding language
+	Name    string   // Field name converted from the raw user-defined field name
+	SolKind abi.Type // Raw abi type information
+}
+
+// tmplStruct is a wrapper around an abi.tuple contains a auto-generated
+// struct name.
+type tmplStruct struct {
+	Name   string       // Auto-generated struct name(We can't obtain the raw struct name through abi)
+	Fields []*tmplField // Struct fields definition depends on the binding language.
+}
+
+// tmplSource is language to template mapping containing all the supported
+// programming languages the package can generate to.
+var tmplSource = map[Lang]string{
+	LangGo:   tmplSourceGo,
+	LangJava: tmplSourceJava,
+}
+
+// tmplSourceGo is the Go source template use to generate the contract binding
+// based on.
+const tmplSourceGo = `
+// Code generated - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package {{.Package}}
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+
+	ethereum "github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = strings.NewReader
+	_ = ethereum.NotFound
+	_ = abi.U256
+	_ = bind.Bind
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = event.NewSubscription
+)
+
+{{range $contract := .Contracts}}
+	{{$structs := $contract.Structs}}
+	// {{.Type}}ABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
+	const {{.Type}}ABI = "{{.InputABI}}"
+
+	{{if $contract.FuncSigs}}
+		// {{.Type}}FuncSigs maps the 4-byte function signature to its string representation.
+		var {{.Type}}FuncSigs = map[string]string{
+			{{range $strsig, $binsig := .FuncSigs}}"{{$binsig}}": "{{$strsig}}",
+			{{end}}
+		}
+	{{end}}
+
+	{{if .InputBin}}
+		// {{.Type}}Bin is the compiled bytecode used for deploying new contracts.
+		var {{.Type}}Bin = "0x{{.InputBin}}"
+
+		// Deploy{{.Type}} deploys a new Ethereum contract, binding an instance of {{.Type}} to it.
+		func Deploy{{.Type}}(auth *bind.TransactOpts, backend bind.ContractBackend {{range .Constructor.Inputs}}, {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *{{.Type}}, error) {
+		  parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader({{.Type}}ABI))
+		  if err != nil {
+		    return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+		  }
+		  {{range $pattern, $name := .Libraries}}
+			{{decapitalise $name}}Addr, _, _, _ := Deploy{{capitalise $name}}(auth, backend)
+			{{$contract.Type}}Bin = strings.Replace({{$contract.Type}}Bin, "__${{$pattern}}$__", {{decapitalise $name}}Addr.String()[2:], -1)
+		  {{end}}
+		  address, tx, contract, err := bind.DeployContract(auth, parsed, common.FromHex({{.Type}}Bin), backend {{range .Constructor.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+		  if err != nil {
+		    return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+		  }
+		  return address, tx, &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Filterer: {{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract} }, nil
+		}
+	{{end}}
+
+	// {{.Type}} is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+	type {{.Type}} struct {
+	  {{.Type}}Caller     // Read-only binding to the contract
+	  {{.Type}}Transactor // Write-only binding to the contract
+	  {{.Type}}Filterer   // Log filterer for contract events
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}Caller is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+	type {{.Type}}Caller struct {
+	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}Transactor is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+	type {{.Type}}Transactor struct {
+	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}Filterer is an auto generated log filtering Go binding around an Ethereum contract events.
+	type {{.Type}}Filterer struct {
+	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}Session is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+	// with pre-set call and transact options.
+	type {{.Type}}Session struct {
+	  Contract     *{{.Type}}        // Generic contract binding to set the session for
+	  CallOpts     bind.CallOpts     // Call options to use throughout this session
+	  TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}CallerSession is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+	// with pre-set call options.
+	type {{.Type}}CallerSession struct {
+	  Contract *{{.Type}}Caller // Generic contract caller binding to set the session for
+	  CallOpts bind.CallOpts    // Call options to use throughout this session
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}TransactorSession is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+	// with pre-set transact options.
+	type {{.Type}}TransactorSession struct {
+	  Contract     *{{.Type}}Transactor // Generic contract transactor binding to set the session for
+	  TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts    // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}Raw is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+	type {{.Type}}Raw struct {
+	  Contract *{{.Type}} // Generic contract binding to access the raw methods on
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}CallerRaw is an auto generated low-level read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+	type {{.Type}}CallerRaw struct {
+		Contract *{{.Type}}Caller // Generic read-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
+	}
+
+	// {{.Type}}TransactorRaw is an auto generated low-level write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+	type {{.Type}}TransactorRaw struct {
+		Contract *{{.Type}}Transactor // Generic write-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
+	}
+
+	// New{{.Type}} creates a new instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+	func New{{.Type}}(address common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*{{.Type}}, error) {
+	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, backend, backend, backend)
+	  if err != nil {
+	    return nil, err
+	  }
+	  return &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Filterer: {{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract} }, nil
+	}
+
+	// New{{.Type}}Caller creates a new read-only instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+	func New{{.Type}}Caller(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller) (*{{.Type}}Caller, error) {
+	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, caller, nil, nil)
+	  if err != nil {
+	    return nil, err
+	  }
+	  return &{{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, nil
+	}
+
+	// New{{.Type}}Transactor creates a new write-only instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+	func New{{.Type}}Transactor(address common.Address, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*{{.Type}}Transactor, error) {
+	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, transactor, nil)
+	  if err != nil {
+	    return nil, err
+	  }
+	  return &{{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, nil
+	}
+
+	// New{{.Type}}Filterer creates a new log filterer instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+ 	func New{{.Type}}Filterer(address common.Address, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*{{.Type}}Filterer, error) {
+ 	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, nil, filterer)
+ 	  if err != nil {
+ 	    return nil, err
+ 	  }
+ 	  return &{{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract}, nil
+ 	}
+
+	// bind{{.Type}} binds a generic wrapper to an already deployed contract.
+	func bind{{.Type}}(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
+	  parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader({{.Type}}ABI))
+	  if err != nil {
+	    return nil, err
+	  }
+	  return bind.NewBoundContract(address, parsed, caller, transactor, filterer), nil
+	}
+
+	// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+	// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+	// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+	// returns.
+	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Raw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{$contract.Type}}Caller.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
+	}
+
+	// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+	// its default method if one is available.
+	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Raw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{$contract.Type}}Transactor.contract.Transfer(opts)
+	}
+
+	// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Raw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{$contract.Type}}Transactor.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
+	}
+
+	// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+	// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+	// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+	// returns.
+	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}CallerRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
+	}
+
+	// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+	// its default method if one is available.
+	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.contract.Transfer(opts)
+	}
+
+	// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+	func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+		return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
+	}
+
+	{{range .Structs}}
+		// {{.Name}} is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an user-defined struct.
+		type {{.Name}} struct {
+		{{range $field := .Fields}}
+		{{$field.Name}} {{$field.Type}}{{end}}
+		}
+	{{end}}
+
+	{{range .Calls}}
+		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatmethod .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Caller) {{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.CallOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) ({{if .Structured}}struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}};{{end}} },{{else}}{{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}},{{end}}{{end}} error) {
+			{{if .Structured}}ret := new(struct{
+				{{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}}
+				{{end}}
+			}){{else}}var (
+				{{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Outputs}}ret{{$i}} = new({{bindtype .Type $structs}})
+				{{end}}
+			){{end}}
+			out := {{if .Structured}}ret{{else}}{{if eq (len .Normalized.Outputs) 1}}ret0{{else}}&[]interface{}{
+				{{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Outputs}}ret{{$i}},
+				{{end}}
+			}{{end}}{{end}}
+			err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.Call(opts, out, "{{.Original.Name}}" {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+			return {{if .Structured}}*ret,{{else}}{{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Outputs}}*ret{{$i}},{{end}}{{end}} err
+		}
+
+		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatmethod .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Session) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) ({{if .Structured}}struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}};{{end}} }, {{else}} {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}},{{end}} {{end}} error) {
+		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.CallOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+		}
+
+		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatmethod .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}CallerSession) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) ({{if .Structured}}struct{ {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}};{{end}} }, {{else}} {{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}},{{end}} {{end}} error) {
+		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.CallOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+		}
+	{{end}}
+
+	{{range .Transacts}}
+		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatmethod .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Transactor) {{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.TransactOpts {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+			return _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.Transact(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}" {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+		}
+
+		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatmethod .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Session) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts {{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+		}
+
+		// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatmethod .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}TransactorSession) {{.Normalized.Name}}({{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if ne $i 0}},{{end}} {{.Name}} {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{end}}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts {{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
+		}
+	{{end}}
+
+	{{range .Events}}
+		// {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator is returned from Filter{{.Normalized.Name}} and is used to iterate over the raw logs and unpacked data for {{.Normalized.Name}} events raised by the {{$contract.Type}} contract.
+		type {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator struct {
+			Event *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} // Event containing the contract specifics and raw log
+
+			contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract to use for unpacking event data
+			event    string              // Event name to use for unpacking event data
+
+			logs chan types.Log        // Log channel receiving the found contract events
+			sub  ethereum.Subscription // Subscription for errors, completion and termination
+			done bool                  // Whether the subscription completed delivering logs
+			fail error                 // Occurred error to stop iteration
+		}
+		// Next advances the iterator to the subsequent event, returning whether there
+		// are any more events found. In case of a retrieval or parsing error, false is
+		// returned and Error() can be queried for the exact failure.
+		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Next() bool {
+			// If the iterator failed, stop iterating
+			if (it.fail != nil) {
+				return false
+			}
+			// If the iterator completed, deliver directly whatever's available
+			if (it.done) {
+				select {
+				case log := <-it.logs:
+					it.Event = new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+					if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
+						it.fail = err
+						return false
+					}
+					it.Event.Raw = log
+					return true
+
+				default:
+					return false
+				}
+			}
+			// Iterator still in progress, wait for either a data or an error event
+			select {
+			case log := <-it.logs:
+				it.Event = new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+				if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
+					it.fail = err
+					return false
+				}
+				it.Event.Raw = log
+				return true
+
+			case err := <-it.sub.Err():
+				it.done = true
+				it.fail = err
+				return it.Next()
+			}
+		}
+		// Error returns any retrieval or parsing error occurred during filtering.
+		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Error() error {
+			return it.fail
+		}
+		// Close terminates the iteration process, releasing any pending underlying
+		// resources.
+		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Close() error {
+			it.sub.Unsubscribe()
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} represents a {{.Normalized.Name}} event raised by the {{$contract.Type}} contract.
+		type {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} struct { {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
+			{{capitalise .Name}} {{if .Indexed}}{{bindtopictype .Type $structs}}{{else}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}; {{end}}
+			Raw types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+		}
+
+		// Filter{{.Normalized.Name}} is a free log retrieval operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatevent .Original $structs}}
+ 		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Filter{{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.FilterOpts{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}} []{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}{{end}}) (*{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator, error) {
+			{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
+			{{if .Indexed}}var {{.Name}}Rule []interface{}
+			for _, {{.Name}}Item := range {{.Name}} {
+				{{.Name}}Rule = append({{.Name}}Rule, {{.Name}}Item)
+			}{{end}}{{end}}
+
+			logs, sub, err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.FilterLogs(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}}Rule{{end}}{{end}})
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return &{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator{contract: _{{$contract.Type}}.contract, event: "{{.Original.Name}}", logs: logs, sub: sub}, nil
+ 		}
+
+		// Watch{{.Normalized.Name}} is a free log subscription operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{formatevent .Original $structs}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Watch{{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.WatchOpts, sink chan<- *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}} []{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}{{end}}) (event.Subscription, error) {
+			{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
+			{{if .Indexed}}var {{.Name}}Rule []interface{}
+			for _, {{.Name}}Item := range {{.Name}} {
+				{{.Name}}Rule = append({{.Name}}Rule, {{.Name}}Item)
+			}{{end}}{{end}}
+
+			logs, sub, err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.WatchLogs(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}}Rule{{end}}{{end}})
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+				defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+				for {
+					select {
+					case log := <-logs:
+						// New log arrived, parse the event and forward to the user
+						event := new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+						if err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.UnpackLog(event, "{{.Original.Name}}", log); err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+						event.Raw = log
+
+						select {
+						case sink <- event:
+						case err := <-sub.Err():
+							return err
+						case <-quit:
+							return nil
+						}
+					case err := <-sub.Err():
+						return err
+					case <-quit:
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			}), nil
+		}
+
+		// Parse{{.Normalized.Name}} is a log parse operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Parse{{.Normalized.Name}}(log types.Log) (*{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}, error) {
+			event := new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+			if err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.UnpackLog(event, "{{.Original.Name}}", log); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return event, nil
+		}
+
+ 	{{end}}
+{{end}}
+`
+
+// tmplSourceJava is the Java source template use to generate the contract binding
+// based on.
+const tmplSourceJava = `
+// This file is an automatically generated Java binding. Do not modify as any
+// change will likely be lost upon the next re-generation!
+
+package {{.Package}};
+
+import org.ethereum.geth.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+{{range $contract := .Contracts}}
+{{$structs := $contract.Structs}}
+{{if not .Library}}public {{end}}class {{.Type}} {
+	// ABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
+	public final static String ABI = "{{.InputABI}}";
+	{{if $contract.FuncSigs}}
+		// {{.Type}}FuncSigs maps the 4-byte function signature to its string representation.
+		public final static Map<String, String> {{.Type}}FuncSigs;
+		static {
+			Hashtable<String, String> temp = new Hashtable<String, String>();
+			{{range $strsig, $binsig := .FuncSigs}}temp.put("{{$binsig}}", "{{$strsig}}");
+			{{end}}
+			{{.Type}}FuncSigs = Collections.unmodifiableMap(temp);
+		}
+	{{end}}
+	{{if .InputBin}}
+	// BYTECODE is the compiled bytecode used for deploying new contracts.
+	public final static String BYTECODE = "0x{{.InputBin}}";
+
+	// deploy deploys a new Ethereum contract, binding an instance of {{.Type}} to it.
+	public static {{.Type}} deploy(TransactOpts auth, EthereumClient client{{range .Constructor.Inputs}}, {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{.Name}}{{end}}) throws Exception {
+		Interfaces args = Geth.newInterfaces({{(len .Constructor.Inputs)}});
+		String bytecode = BYTECODE;
+		{{if .Libraries}}
+
+		// "link" contract to dependent libraries by deploying them first.
+		{{range $pattern, $name := .Libraries}}
+		{{capitalise $name}} {{decapitalise $name}}Inst = {{capitalise $name}}.deploy(auth, client);
+		bytecode = bytecode.replace("__${{$pattern}}$__", {{decapitalise $name}}Inst.Address.getHex().substring(2));
+		{{end}}
+		{{end}}
+		{{range $index, $element := .Constructor.Inputs}}Interface arg{{$index}} = Geth.newInterface();arg{{$index}}.set{{namedtype (bindtype .Type $structs) .Type}}({{.Name}});args.set({{$index}},arg{{$index}});
+		{{end}}
+		return new {{.Type}}(Geth.deployContract(auth, ABI, Geth.decodeFromHex(bytecode), client, args));
+	}
+
+	// Internal constructor used by contract deployment.
+	private {{.Type}}(BoundContract deployment) {
+		this.Address  = deployment.getAddress();
+		this.Deployer = deployment.getDeployer();
+		this.Contract = deployment;
+	}
+	{{end}}
+
+	// Ethereum address where this contract is located at.
+	public final Address Address;
+
+	// Ethereum transaction in which this contract was deployed (if known!).
+	public final Transaction Deployer;
+
+	// Contract instance bound to a blockchain address.
+	private final BoundContract Contract;
+
+	// Creates a new instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+	public {{.Type}}(Address address, EthereumClient client) throws Exception {
+		this(Geth.bindContract(address, ABI, client));
+	}
+
+	{{range .Calls}}
+	{{if gt (len .Normalized.Outputs) 1}}
+	// {{capitalise .Normalized.Name}}Results is the output of a call to {{.Normalized.Name}}.
+	public class {{capitalise .Normalized.Name}}Results {
+		{{range $index, $item := .Normalized.Outputs}}public {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{if ne .Name ""}}{{.Name}}{{else}}Return{{$index}}{{end}};
+		{{end}}
+	}
+	{{end}}
+
+	// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+	//
+	// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
+	public {{if gt (len .Normalized.Outputs) 1}}{{capitalise .Normalized.Name}}Results{{else}}{{range .Normalized.Outputs}}{{bindtype .Type $structs}}{{end}}{{end}} {{.Normalized.Name}}(CallOpts opts{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{.Name}}{{end}}) throws Exception {
+		Interfaces args = Geth.newInterfaces({{(len .Normalized.Inputs)}});
+		{{range $index, $item := .Normalized.Inputs}}Interface arg{{$index}} = Geth.newInterface();arg{{$index}}.set{{namedtype (bindtype .Type $structs) .Type}}({{.Name}});args.set({{$index}},arg{{$index}});
+		{{end}}
+
+		Interfaces results = Geth.newInterfaces({{(len .Normalized.Outputs)}});
+		{{range $index, $item := .Normalized.Outputs}}Interface result{{$index}} = Geth.newInterface(); result{{$index}}.setDefault{{namedtype (bindtype .Type $structs) .Type}}(); results.set({{$index}}, result{{$index}});
+		{{end}}
+
+		if (opts == null) {
+			opts = Geth.newCallOpts();
+		}
+		this.Contract.call(opts, results, "{{.Original.Name}}", args);
+		{{if gt (len .Normalized.Outputs) 1}}
+			{{capitalise .Normalized.Name}}Results result = new {{capitalise .Normalized.Name}}Results();
+			{{range $index, $item := .Normalized.Outputs}}result.{{if ne .Name ""}}{{.Name}}{{else}}Return{{$index}}{{end}} = results.get({{$index}}).get{{namedtype (bindtype .Type $structs) .Type}}();
+			{{end}}
+			return result;
+		{{else}}{{range .Normalized.Outputs}}return results.get(0).get{{namedtype (bindtype .Type $structs) .Type}}();{{end}}
+		{{end}}
+	}
+	{{end}}
+
+	{{range .Transacts}}
+	// {{.Normalized.Name}} is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.ID}}.
+	//
+	// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
+	public Transaction {{.Normalized.Name}}(TransactOpts opts{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{bindtype .Type $structs}} {{.Name}}{{end}}) throws Exception {
+		Interfaces args = Geth.newInterfaces({{(len .Normalized.Inputs)}});
+		{{range $index, $item := .Normalized.Inputs}}Interface arg{{$index}} = Geth.newInterface();arg{{$index}}.set{{namedtype (bindtype .Type $structs) .Type}}({{.Name}});args.set({{$index}},arg{{$index}});
+		{{end}}
+		return this.Contract.transact(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"	, args);
+	}
+	{{end}}
+}
+{{end}}
+`
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/topics.go b/accounts/abi/bind/topics.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58e4ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/topics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// makeTopics converts a filter query argument list into a filter topic set.
+func makeTopics(query ...[]interface{}) ([][]common.Hash, error) {
+	topics := make([][]common.Hash, len(query))
+	for i, filter := range query {
+		for _, rule := range filter {
+			var topic common.Hash
+
+			// Try to generate the topic based on simple types
+			switch rule := rule.(type) {
+			case common.Hash:
+				copy(topic[:], rule[:])
+			case common.Address:
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-common.AddressLength:], rule[:])
+			case *big.Int:
+				blob := rule.Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case bool:
+				if rule {
+					topic[common.HashLength-1] = 1
+				}
+			case int8:
+				blob := big.NewInt(int64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case int16:
+				blob := big.NewInt(int64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case int32:
+				blob := big.NewInt(int64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case int64:
+				blob := big.NewInt(rule).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint8:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint16:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint32:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint64:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(rule).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case string:
+				hash := crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte(rule))
+				copy(topic[:], hash[:])
+			case []byte:
+				hash := crypto.Keccak256Hash(rule)
+				copy(topic[:], hash[:])
+
+			default:
+				// Attempt to generate the topic from funky types
+				val := reflect.ValueOf(rule)
+
+				switch {
+
+				// static byte array
+				case val.Kind() == reflect.Array && reflect.TypeOf(rule).Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8:
+					reflect.Copy(reflect.ValueOf(topic[:val.Len()]), val)
+
+				default:
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported indexed type: %T", rule)
+				}
+			}
+			topics[i] = append(topics[i], topic)
+		}
+	}
+	return topics, nil
+}
+
+// Big batch of reflect types for topic reconstruction.
+var (
+	reflectHash    = reflect.TypeOf(common.Hash{})
+	reflectAddress = reflect.TypeOf(common.Address{})
+	reflectBigInt  = reflect.TypeOf(new(big.Int))
+)
+
+// parseTopics converts the indexed topic fields into actual log field values.
+//
+// Note, dynamic types cannot be reconstructed since they get mapped to Keccak256
+// hashes as the topic value!
+func parseTopics(out interface{}, fields abi.Arguments, topics []common.Hash) error {
+	// Sanity check that the fields and topics match up
+	if len(fields) != len(topics) {
+		return errors.New("topic/field count mismatch")
+	}
+	// Iterate over all the fields and reconstruct them from topics
+	for _, arg := range fields {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			return errors.New("non-indexed field in topic reconstruction")
+		}
+		field := reflect.ValueOf(out).Elem().FieldByName(capitalise(arg.Name))
+
+		// Try to parse the topic back into the fields based on primitive types
+		switch field.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			if topics[0][common.HashLength-1] == 1 {
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(true))
+			}
+		case reflect.Int8:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int8(num.Int64())))
+
+		case reflect.Int16:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int16(num.Int64())))
+
+		case reflect.Int32:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int32(num.Int64())))
+
+		case reflect.Int64:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(num.Int64()))
+
+		case reflect.Uint8:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(uint8(num.Uint64())))
+
+		case reflect.Uint16:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(uint16(num.Uint64())))
+
+		case reflect.Uint32:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(uint32(num.Uint64())))
+
+		case reflect.Uint64:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(num.Uint64()))
+
+		default:
+			// Ran out of plain primitive types, try custom types
+			switch field.Type() {
+			case reflectHash: // Also covers all dynamic types
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(topics[0]))
+
+			case reflectAddress:
+				var addr common.Address
+				copy(addr[:], topics[0][common.HashLength-common.AddressLength:])
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(addr))
+
+			case reflectBigInt:
+				num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(num))
+
+			default:
+				// Ran out of custom types, try the crazies
+				switch {
+
+				// static byte array
+				case arg.Type.T == abi.FixedBytesTy:
+					reflect.Copy(field, reflect.ValueOf(topics[0][:arg.Type.Size]))
+
+				default:
+					return fmt.Errorf("unsupported indexed type: %v", arg.Type)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		topics = topics[1:]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parseTopicsIntoMap converts the indexed topic field-value pairs into map key-value pairs
+func parseTopicsIntoMap(out map[string]interface{}, fields abi.Arguments, topics []common.Hash) error {
+	// Sanity check that the fields and topics match up
+	if len(fields) != len(topics) {
+		return errors.New("topic/field count mismatch")
+	}
+	// Iterate over all the fields and reconstruct them from topics
+	for _, arg := range fields {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			return errors.New("non-indexed field in topic reconstruction")
+		}
+
+		switch arg.Type.T {
+		case abi.BoolTy:
+			out[arg.Name] = topics[0][common.HashLength-1] == 1
+		case abi.IntTy, abi.UintTy:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			out[arg.Name] = num
+		case abi.AddressTy:
+			var addr common.Address
+			copy(addr[:], topics[0][common.HashLength-common.AddressLength:])
+			out[arg.Name] = addr
+		case abi.HashTy:
+			out[arg.Name] = topics[0]
+		case abi.FixedBytesTy:
+			out[arg.Name] = topics[0][:]
+		case abi.StringTy, abi.BytesTy, abi.SliceTy, abi.ArrayTy:
+			// Array types (including strings and bytes) have their keccak256 hashes stored in the topic- not a hash
+			// whose bytes can be decoded to the actual value- so the best we can do is retrieve that hash
+			out[arg.Name] = topics[0]
+		case abi.FunctionTy:
+			if garbage := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(topics[0][0:8]); garbage != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("bind: got improperly encoded function type, got %v", topics[0].Bytes())
+			}
+			var tmp [24]byte
+			copy(tmp[:], topics[0][8:32])
+			out[arg.Name] = tmp
+		default: // Not handling tuples
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported indexed type: %v", arg.Type)
+		}
+
+		topics = topics[1:]
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/util.go b/accounts/abi/bind/util.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3ec22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/util.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/core/types"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// WaitMined waits for tx to be mined on the blockchain.
+// It stops waiting when the context is canceled.
+func WaitMined(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+	queryTicker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	defer queryTicker.Stop()
+
+	logger := log.New("hash", tx.Hash())
+	for {
+		receipt, err := b.TransactionReceipt(ctx, tx.Hash())
+		if receipt != nil {
+			return receipt, nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Trace("Receipt retrieval failed", "err", err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Trace("Transaction not yet mined")
+		}
+		// Wait for the next round.
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case <-queryTicker.C:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// WaitDeployed waits for a contract deployment transaction and returns the on-chain
+// contract address when it is mined. It stops waiting when ctx is canceled.
+func WaitDeployed(ctx context.Context, b DeployBackend, tx *types.Transaction) (common.Address, error) {
+	if tx.To() != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, fmt.Errorf("tx is not contract creation")
+	}
+	receipt, err := WaitMined(ctx, b, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	if receipt.ContractAddress == (common.Address{}) {
+		return common.Address{}, fmt.Errorf("zero address")
+	}
+	// Check that code has indeed been deployed at the address.
+	// This matters on pre-Homestead chains: OOG in the constructor
+	// could leave an empty account behind.
+	code, err := b.CodeAt(ctx, receipt.ContractAddress, nil)
+	if err == nil && len(code) == 0 {
+		err = ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy
+	}
+	return receipt.ContractAddress, err
+}