// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package usbwallet
import (
"errors"
"runtime"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/ava-labs/coreth/accounts"
"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/event"
"github.com/ava-labs/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/karalabe/usb"
)
// LedgerScheme is the protocol scheme prefixing account and wallet URLs.
const LedgerScheme = "ledger"
// TrezorScheme is the protocol scheme prefixing account and wallet URLs.
const TrezorScheme = "trezor"
// refreshCycle is the maximum time between wallet refreshes (if USB hotplug
// notifications don't work).
const refreshCycle = time.Second
// refreshThrottling is the minimum time between wallet refreshes to avoid USB
// trashing.
const refreshThrottling = 500 * time.Millisecond
// Hub is a accounts.Backend that can find and handle generic USB hardware wallets.
type Hub struct {
scheme string // Protocol scheme prefixing account and wallet URLs.
vendorID uint16 // USB vendor identifier used for device discovery
productIDs []uint16 // USB product identifiers used for device discovery
usageID uint16 // USB usage page identifier used for macOS device discovery
endpointID int // USB endpoint identifier used for non-macOS device discovery
makeDriver func(log.Logger) driver // Factory method to construct a vendor specific driver
refreshed time.Time // Time instance when the list of wallets was last refreshed
wallets []accounts.Wallet // List of USB wallet devices currently tracking
updateFeed event.Feed // Event feed to notify wallet additions/removals
updateScope event.SubscriptionScope // Subscription scope tracking current live listeners
updating bool // Whether the event notification loop is running
quit chan chan error
stateLock sync.RWMutex // Protects the internals of the hub from racey access
// TODO(karalabe): remove if hotplug lands on Windows
commsPend int // Number of operations blocking enumeration
commsLock sync.Mutex // Lock protecting the pending counter and enumeration
enumFails uint32 // Number of times enumeration has failed
}
// NewLedgerHub creates a new hardware wallet manager for Ledger devices.
func NewLedgerHub() (*Hub, error) {
return newHub(LedgerScheme, 0x2c97, []uint16{
// Original product IDs
0x0000, /* Ledger Blue */
0x0001, /* Ledger Nano S */
0x0004, /* Ledger Nano X */
// Upcoming product IDs: https://www.ledger.com/2019/05/17/windows-10-update-sunsetting-u2f-tunnel-transport-for-ledger-devices/
0x0015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Blue */
0x1015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Nano S */
0x4015, /* HID + U2F + WebUSB Ledger Nano X */
0x0011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Blue */
0x1011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Nano S */
0x4011, /* HID + WebUSB Ledger Nano X */
}, 0xffa0, 0, newLedgerDriver)
}
// NewTrezorHubWithHID creates a new hardware wallet manager for Trezor devices.
func NewTrezorHubWithHID() (*Hub, error) {
return newHub(TrezorScheme, 0x534c, []uint16{0x0001 /* Trezor HID */}, 0xff00, 0, newTrezorDriver)
}
// NewTrezorHubWithWebUSB creates a new hardware wallet manager for Trezor devices with
// firmware version > 1.8.0
func NewTrezorHubWithWebUSB() (*Hub, error) {
return newHub(TrezorScheme, 0x1209, []uint16{0x53c1 /* Trezor WebUSB */}, 0xffff /* No usage id on webusb, don't match unset (0) */, 0, newTrezorDriver)
}
// newHub creates a new hardware wallet manager for generic USB devices.
func newHub(scheme string, vendorID uint16, productIDs []uint16, usageID uint16, endpointID int, makeDriver func(log.Logger) driver) (*Hub, error) {
if !usb.Supported() {
return nil, errors.New("unsupported platform")
}
hub := &Hub{
scheme: scheme,
vendorID: vendorID,
productIDs: productIDs,
usageID: usageID,
endpointID: endpointID,
makeDriver: makeDriver,
quit: make(chan chan error),
}
hub.refreshWallets()
return hub, nil
}
// Wallets implements accounts.Backend, returning all the currently tracked USB
// devices that appear to be hardware wallets.
func (hub *Hub) Wallets() []accounts.Wallet {
// Make sure the list of wallets is up to date
hub.refreshWallets()
hub.stateLock.RLock()
defer hub.stateLock.RUnlock()
cpy := make([]accounts.Wallet, len(hub.wallets))
copy(cpy, hub.wallets)
return cpy
}
// refreshWallets scans the USB devices attached to the machine and updates the
// list of wallets based on the found devices.
func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {
// Don't scan the USB like crazy it the user fetches wallets in a loop
hub.stateLock.RLock()
elapsed := time.Since(hub.refreshed)
hub.stateLock.RUnlock()
if elapsed < refreshThrottling {
return
}
// If USB enumeration is continually failing, don't keep trying indefinitely
if atomic.LoadUint32(&hub.enumFails) > 2 {
return
}
// Retrieve the current list of USB wallet devices
var devices []usb.DeviceInfo
if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
// hidapi on Linux opens the device during enumeration to retrieve some infos,
// breaking the Ledger protocol if that is waiting for user confirmation. This
// is a bug acknowledged at Ledger, but it won't be fixed on old devices so we
// need to prevent concurrent comms ourselves. The more elegant solution would
// be to ditch enumeration in favor of hotplug events, but that don't work yet
// on Windows so if we need to hack it anyway, this is more elegant for now.
hub.commsLock.Lock()
if hub.commsPend > 0 { // A confirmation is pending, don't refresh
hub.commsLock.Unlock()
return
}
}
infos, err := usb.Enumerate(hub.vendorID, 0)
if err != nil {
failcount := atomic.AddUint32(&hub.enumFails, 1)
if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
// See rationale before the enumeration why this is needed and only on Linux.
hub.commsLock.Unlock()
}
log.Error("Failed to enumerate USB devices", "hub", hub.scheme,
"vendor", hub.vendorID, "failcount", failcount, "err", err)
return
}
atomic.StoreUint32(&hub.enumFails, 0)
for _, info := range infos {
for _, id := range hub.productIDs {
// Windows and Macos use UsageID matching, Linux uses Interface matching
if info.ProductID == id && (info.UsagePage == hub.usageID || info.Interface == hub.endpointID) {
devices = append(devices, info)
break
}
}
}
if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
// See rationale before the enumeration why this is needed and only on Linux.
hub.commsLock.Unlock()
}
// Transform the current list of wallets into the new one
hub.stateLock.Lock()
var (
wallets = make([]accounts.Wallet, 0, len(devices))
events []accounts.WalletEvent
)
for _, device := range devices {
url := accounts.URL{Scheme: hub.scheme, Path: device.Path}
// Drop wallets in front of the next device or those that failed for some reason
for len(hub.wallets) > 0 {
// Abort if we're past the current device and found an operational one
_, failure := hub.wallets[0].Status()
if hub.wallets[0].URL().Cmp(url) >= 0 || failure == nil {
break
}
// Drop the stale and failed devices
events = append(events, accounts.WalletEvent{Wallet: hub.wallets[0], Kind: accounts.WalletDropped})
hub.wallets = hub.wallets[1:]
}
// If there are no more wallets or the device is before the next, wrap new wallet
if len(hub.wallets) == 0 || hub.wallets[0].URL().Cmp(url) > 0 {
logger := log.New("url", url)
wallet := &wallet{hub: hub, driver: hub.makeDriver(logger), url: &url, info: device, log: logger}
events = append(events, accounts.WalletEvent{Wallet: wallet, Kind: accounts.WalletArrived})
wallets = append(wallets, wallet)
continue
}
// If the device is the same as the first wallet, keep it
if hub.wallets[0].URL().Cmp(url) == 0 {
wallets = append(wallets, hub.wallets[0])
hub.wallets = hub.wallets[1:]
continue
}
}
// Drop any leftover wallets and set the new batch
for _, wallet := range hub.wallets {
events = append(events, accounts.WalletEvent{Wallet: wallet, Kind: accounts.WalletDropped})
}
hub.refreshed = time.Now()
hub.wallets = wallets
hub.stateLock.Unlock()
// Fire all wallet events and return
for _, event := range events {
hub.updateFeed.Send(event)
}
}
// Subscribe implements accounts.Backend, creating an async subscription to
// receive notifications on the addition or removal of USB wallets.
func (hub *Hub) Subscribe(sink chan<- accounts.WalletEvent) event.Subscription {
// We need the mutex to reliably start/stop the update loop
hub.stateLock.Lock()
defer hub.stateLock.Unlock()
// Subscribe the caller and track the subscriber count
sub := hub.updateScope.Track(hub.updateFeed.Subscribe(sink))
// Subscribers require an active notification loop, start it
if !hub.updating {
hub.updating = true
go hub.updater()
}
return sub
}
// updater is responsible for maintaining an up-to-date list of wallets managed
// by the USB hub, and for firing wallet addition/removal events.
func (hub *Hub) updater() {
for {
// TODO: Wait for a USB hotplug event (not supported yet) or a refresh timeout
// <-hub.changes
time.Sleep(refreshCycle)
// Run the wallet refresher
hub.refreshWallets()
// If all our subscribers left, stop the updater
hub.stateLock.Lock()
if hub.updateScope.Count() == 0 {
hub.updating = false
hub.stateLock.Unlock()
return
}
hub.stateLock.Unlock()
}
}